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SOC1110 > Chp 3 - Research > Flashcards

Chp 3 - Research Flashcards

1
Q

list types of research

A

market, political, academic, and medical

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2
Q

what is the purpose of evaluation research

A

improve situation/processes

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3
Q

define PARTICIPANT OBSERVATION

A

researcher becomes simultaneously both participant and observer of study

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4
Q

define DEDUCTIVE REASONING

A

process of creating specific research question about focus point based on more general/universal principle

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5
Q

define INDUCTIVE REASONING

A

process of coming to general conclusion from specific observation

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6
Q

define LITERATURE REVIEW

A

reviewing existing studies on the subject

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7
Q

define REPLICATION STUDY

A

repeated research but on different group of ppl/different time or place

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8
Q

define RESEARCH DESIGN

A

overall logic and strategy underlying research project

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9
Q

define QUANTITIVE RESEARCH

A

numerical analysis

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10
Q

define QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

A

interpretation and nuance of actions/observations

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11
Q

define VARIABLE

A

characteristic of person/group that can have more than 1 value/score

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12
Q

give examples of variables

A

age, income, social class, degree of prejudice

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13
Q

define CONCEPT

A

abstract characteristic/attribute that can be potentially measured

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14
Q

define INDICATORS

A

variables studied that point to/reflect abstract concept

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15
Q

define HAWTHORNE EFFECT

A

those who know they are being observed will change their behavior

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16
Q

define PRIMARY DATA

A

original material collected from researchers themselves

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17
Q

define SECONDARY DATA

A

data gathered and organized by another party

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18
Q

define SAMPLE

A

any subset of people/groups/categories of population

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19
Q

define POPULATION

A

relatively large collection of ppl that is studied and which generalizations are made

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20
Q

define RANDOM SAMPLE

A

equal chance of selection

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21
Q

define DATA ANALYSIS

A

process of organizing data to discover pattern and uniformities

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22
Q

define SERENDIPITY

A

unexpected finding

23
Q

define GENERALIZATION

A

ability to draw conclusion from specific data and apply them to broader population

24
Q

define RETURN RATE

A

percent of questionnaires returned

25
Q

a low return rate can suggest

A

possible bias

26
Q

define SECONDARY ANALYSIS

A

analysis of data that is already collected

27
Q

list sociological research methods

A
  • surveys/questionnaires/interviews/polls
  • participant/nonparticipant observation
  • controlled experiments
  • content analysis
  • historical research
  • evaluation research
28
Q

define INFORMANT

A

person working closely w/participant observer to learn about group

29
Q

define COVERT PARTICIPANT OBSERVATION

A

members of group being studied do not know they are being researched

30
Q

define OVERT PARTICIPANT OBSERVATION

A

members know they are being studied

31
Q

define EXPERIMENTAL RANDOMIZATION

A

randomly assigning members of study to experimental group

32
Q

define PERCENTAGE

A

parts per hundred

33
Q

define RATE

A

parts per some number

34
Q

define SPURIOUS CORRELATION

A

no meaningful causal connection between apparently associated variables

35
Q

define CROSS-TABULATION

A

way of seeing if 2 variables are related by breaking them down into categories

36
Q

list some statistical mistakes

A
  • citing correlation as cause
  • overgeneralizing
  • interpreting probability as certainty
  • building in bias
  • faking data
  • using data selectively
37
Q

what are advantes of surveys/questionnaires/interviews/polls

A
  • allow study of large number of variables
  • results can be generalized if accurate
38
Q

what are some disadvantages of surveys/questionnaires/polls/interviews

A
  • difficult to focus in great depth on few variables
  • difficult to measure subtle nuances in attitudes
39
Q

what are the advantages of participant/nonparticipant observation

A
  • study behavior in home setting
  • great depth of inquiry
40
Q

what are some disadvantages of participant/nonparticipant observation

A
  • very time consuming
  • difficult to generalize
41
Q

what are some advantages of controlled experiments

A
  • focus on 2-3 variables
  • able to study cause and effect
42
Q

what are some disadvantages of controlled experiments

A
  • difficult/impossible to measure large number of variables
  • may have artifical quality
43
Q

define CONTENT ANALYSIS

A

measuring by examining cultural artifacts of what ppl write, say, see, or hear

44
Q

what are advantages of content analysis

A
  • usually used to study cultural change/aspects
  • determine how groups are perceived
45
Q

what are some disadvantages of content analysis

A

limited by studying of cultural products rather than attitudes

46
Q

define HISTORICAL RESEARCH

A

examines sociological themes over time

47
Q

what are some advantages of historical research

A
  • saves time and expense in data collection
  • takes differences over time into accnt
48
Q

what is used for historical research

A

historical archives/records/oral history

49
Q

what are some disadvantages of historical research

A
  • data reflects biases of original researcher
  • reflect cultural norms in effect when data collected
50
Q

what are disadvantages of evaluation research

A
  • difficult to focus in great depth on few variables
  • difficult to measure subtle nuances in attitudes
51
Q

define STAKEHOLDERS

A

people who are involved in situation

52
Q

what is the purpose of evaluation research

A

improve situation/process to achieve goals set by interested parties

53
Q
A

SOC1110 (5 decks)

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