chp 3 BIO DAT

Question 1

laws of thermodynamics

Answer 1

energy can’t be destroyed or created

entropy (disorder) of the universe is always increasing and the combined change in entropy must be positive

entropy of a substance is absolute zero

Question 2

metabolism

Answer 2

metabolic pathways that are happening in a given organism

Question 3

2 types of metabolism

Answer 3

catabolic; break down of molecules for energy , entropy increases

anabolic ; process where energy is used to build larger molecules , entropy decreases

Question 4

catabolic

Answer 4

ENERGY IS RELEASED

Question 5

anabolic

Answer 5

ENERGY IS REQUIRED

Question 6

mitochondria

Answer 6

organelle that produces ATP via cellular respiration

Question 7

ATP ; adenosine triphosphate

Answer 7

ATP is a RNA nucleoside triphosphate

-adenine nitro base
-ribose sugar
-3 phos groups

Question 8

currency for cells

Answer 8

ATP

Question 9

bond breaking btw phosphate groups

Answer 9

via hydrolysis ( water is release )

Question 10

reaction coupling

Answer 10

energy requiring reaction (endergonic) combined with energy releasing one (exergonic )

net neg Gibbs free energy (-)

Question 11

aerobic cell resp

Answer 11

glycolysis -> pyruvate decarboxylation->Krebs cycle ->oxidative phosphorylation

Question 12

glycolysis formula

Answer 12

glucose ->2 ATP + 2 NADH + 2 pyruvate

Question 13

glycolysis

Answer 13

takes place in the cytosol and doesn’t require oxygen ( glycolysis is both aerobic and anaerobic )

this process has a investment phase , needs 2 ATP to make 4 ATP ( net of 2 ATP)

Question 14

substrate level phosphorylation

Answer 14

ATP produced by transferring a phosphate group to ADP from phosphorylated compound.

Question 15

steps of glycolysis - 1

Answer 15

hexokinase uses 1 ATP to phosphorylate glucose into glucose 6 phosphate ,which cant leave the cell

Question 16

step 2

Answer 16

isomerase modifies glucose 6 phosphate into fructose 6 phosphate

Question 17

step 3

Answer 17

phosphofructokinase

uses a second ATP to phosphorylate fructose 6 phosphate into fructose 1-6 bisphosphate this is the key step for glycolysis

Question 18

step 4

Answer 18

fructose 1-6 biphosphate splits into 2 G3P molecules which proceed to her energy pay off phase

Question 19

step 5

Answer 19

G3P undergoes a series of redux reactions to produce 4 ATP through substrate level phosphorylation , 2 pyruvate and 2 NADH