cellular resp Flashcards
what is the main focus of cellular resp -
to turn glucose into energy
step 1
glucose is phosphorylated into glucose 6 phosphate ( the phosphate comes from ATP-> ADP)
what enzyme is used in step 1
hexokinase ( hexo 6= kinase =phoshate adding helps facilite the reaction addiction of phosphate
what cofactor is used in step 1
mg2+ , helps with the binding of ATP to enzymes hexokinase
is step one reversible ?
no ( high energy change )
irreversibility and reversibility
comes down to Low or hight energy change
step 2
glucose 6 phosphate is process into fructose 6 phosphate.
what enzyme is used in step 2 ?
phosphoglucose isomerase , it doesnt add or sub atoms. I just changes the shape
is step 2 reversible ?
yes
step 3
F6P transforms into fructose 1,6 biphosphate
by phosphorylation of ATP
which enzyme is used ?
1-phosphofructosekinase
is step 3 reversible ?
no (hight energy level )
step 4
is the cleavage of fructose
fructose-1,6-bisphosphate is cleaved into two three-carbon molecules which are
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP)
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P)
which enzyme is used ?
aldolase
is step 4 reversible ?
yes ( low energy )
step 5
this is the investment phases
DAP into G3P
which enzyme is used ?
a 3 keto sugar = triosphospate phosphate isomerase
is step 5 reversible ?
yes ( Low energy )
step 1 to step 5 product
glucose into 2 G3P
step 5 to step 6
double everything
step 6 payoff phase
2G3P + 2phosphate group = 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate = oxidation reaction
when this happens 2NAD+ is turned into 2NADH ( they get H from oxidation)
2G3P and 2NAD/H because double
which enzyme is used
Enzyme used is glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase
this removed H
step 7
we lost a p group
p was used for 2ADP to 2ATP = sub level phos
1,3BGP -> 3 phosphoglycerate
what enzyme was used
kinase enzyme = phosphoglycerate kinase
what cofactor was used
Use a cofactor of mg2+
step 8
3 phosphoglycerate -> 2 phosphoglycerate( p group was positionally moved)
what enzyme was used
mutase ( isomerase enzyme - function is to move functional group to another ) = phosphoglycerate mutase
what cofactor was used
Catalyze reversible reaction with cofactor mg2+
step 9
Water is a product of this reaction = dehydration
We lost H and OH
2 phosphoglycerate-> phosphoenolpyruvate
which enzyme was used
Enzyme used is enolase ( the reaction proceeds with enolic intermediate )
step 10
PEP -> pyruvate
P group transferred ADP to ATP
2 pyruvate ,
2 ATP and 2ADP -> 4 ATP and 4 ADP
Step 1 and 3 made used up 2 ATP
Step 7 and 10 made 4 ATP
what enzyme was used
Enzyme pyruvate kinase
which cofactor was used
Cofactor mg2+ and K +
