chp 0 general chem DAT

Question 1

what is an atom ?

Answer 1

smallest unit of matter

Question 2

what is an molecule ?

Answer 2

2 or more atoms bonded to another atom ( same or diff atoms )

Question 3

what is an element ?

Answer 3

a pure substance that can NOT be broken down

Question 4

what is a ion ?

Answer 4

are charged atoms that are formed by losing or gaining an electron

Question 5

what is a compound ?

Answer 5

a structure made of 2 or more atoms of different elements

Question 6

polyatomic ions -

Question 7

polyatomic ions with a +1 charge -

Answer 7

NH4+=ammonium
H3O+=hydronium
Hg22+=mercutry(I)

Question 8

polyatomic ions with -3 charge

Answer 8

PO43+=phosphate
AsO33-=arsenite
AsO43-=arsenate
N3-=nitride

Question 9

see other deck for -1 and -2 charges polyatomic -

Question 10

polyatomic cations

Answer 10

ammonium NH4+
hydronium H3O+

Question 11

polyatomic anions

Answer 11

acetate = CH3COO-
cyanide =CN-
nitrate = NO3-
phosphate = PO43-
sulfate = SO42-
carbonate =CO32-
hydroxide = HO-
permanganate =MnO4-

Question 12

ionic vs molecular compounds

Answer 12

ionic = metal and nonmetal ( NH4CL is ionic ) (IONIC BONDS )

molecular = two or more nonmetals (COVALENT BONDS)

Question 13

naming molecular compounds -N2O

Answer 13

N2O= dinitrogen monoxide

Question 14

molecular compounds SF6

Answer 14

sulfur hexafluoride

Question 15

naming binary acids -

Answer 15

H and other element

Question 16

identify H2

Answer 16

molecule, compound

Question 17

identify NH4+

Answer 17

ion

Question 18

identify C6H12O6

Answer 18

compound, molecule

Question 19

identify F

Answer 19

element

Question 20

what are diatomic elements ?

Answer 20

H2, N2, F2,Cl2 ,Br2,I2, O2
they do not exist as singular elements unless they are ions

Question 21

what are allotropes ?

Answer 21

elemental molecules with diff formulas ( O2 and O3)
-diff forms of the same element.

Question 22

ionic compounds ?

Answer 22

metals and non metals

Question 23

molecular compounds ?

Answer 23

2 or more nonmetals

Question 24

ionic compound naming -

Answer 24

name the metal
write metals oxidation state
name the nonmetal using IDE ending

Question 25

except which element do we not write the oxidation state.

Answer 25

Al=3+
zn=2+
cd=2+
Ag=1+

Question 26

MgF2

Answer 26

magnesium floride

Question 27

FeCl3

Answer 27

iron(III)chloride

Question 28

molecular vs empirical formula

Answer 28

molecular - how many atoms of each element are in the compound

empirical - the simplest or reduced form of ratio in the compound

Question 29

empirical formula for : ammonium chloride

Answer 29

NH4Cl

Question 30

empirical formula for : iron(III) cyanide

Answer 30

Fe(Cn)3
cyanide is a polyatomic

Question 31

naming molecular compounds and acids

Answer 31

mono, di, tri,tetra,penta,hexa,hepta,octa,nona

Question 32

steps -

Answer 32

-name 1st the periodic table name
-give numerical prefix
-name nonmetal with IDE

Question 33

N2O

Answer 33

DInitrogen oxIDE

Question 34

binary acids

Answer 34

is a molecule composed of Hydrogen H and nonmetal element

Question 35

naming binary acids

Answer 35

HYDRO + insert the name of the element 2 replace INE with IC ACID

Question 36

binary acids -

Answer 36

HCl , HBr , HI,

Question 37

HF

Answer 37

HYDROfloric ACID

Question 38

oxyacids

Answer 38

an acid with H and O as well as another element

Hx-element-Ox

Question 39

oxyacids

Answer 39

HClO3, HClO4, HNO3 , H2SO4

Question 40

naming oxyacids

Answer 40

if OXYGEN is 0-2 than normal formula then its “HYPO “ OUS ACID”

OXYGEN is still more than 1 than normal formula
“ OUS ACID”

OXYGEN is still one more “IC ACID’

OXYGEN is still more than “PER “ + element + IC ACID

Question 41

oxyacids ex

Answer 41

HCLO=hypocholrous acid
HCLO2=chlorous acid
CHLO3=chlroic acid
CHLO4=perchloric acid

Question 42

7 strong acids

Answer 42

BINARY = HI, HBr, HCl
OXYACIDS= HClO3,HCl4,HNO3,H2SO4

Question 43

SI units

Answer 43

terra = 10^12
giga = 10^9
mega =10^6
kilo = 10^3
centi =10^-2
Milli= 10^-3
Micro=10^-6
nano=10^-9

Question 44

sig figs - rules

Answer 44

zeroes between nonzero digits are always significant ( 1005 = 4 sf)

zeroes at the start of a number are never sig
( 0.0024 = 2sf )

zeroes at the end of a number are significant ONLY if zeroes are AFTER a decimal ( 0.02000=4 sf)

Question 45

sf when adding, sub , dividing and multiplying

Answer 45

sf when + & - = answer should HAVE THE SAME NUMBER OF DECIMALS PLACES AS THE VALUE WITH THE LEAST DECIMAL PLACES

sf when x & ./. = answer should HAVE THE SAME NUMBER OF F=SF AS THE VALUE WITH THE LEAST SF

Question 46

precision and accuracy

Answer 46

P = how close a series of measurement are to each other

A= how close the measurement is to reality

Question 47

density formula

Answer 47

D = mass/volume

Question 48

percent error calc

Answer 48

PE = A-T/T X100

Question 49

how to properly heat a test tube

Answer 49

use test tube holder , and use a water bath not a open flame

Question 50

how to dilute a strong acid

Answer 50

ADD THE ACID TO THE WATER
when strong acids dissolve in water the process is very exothermic so it produces a lot of heat and places everywhere

Question 51

meniscus reading

Answer 51

if tube is going from low number to high number its a graduated cylinder if number as starting from high to low its a buret