chp 22 Flashcards
whats the blob on the string
(neuron parts)
cell body
(neuron parts)
dendrites
(neuron parts)
axon
(neuron parts)
dendrites of next neruon
(neuron parts)
axon terminal
are all neurons the same
no theyrs differnt
what do sensory neruons go to and from
to brain or spinal cord. comes from touch
motor neurons
brain to muscle or gland
intraneurons go from
connect sensory to proper motor neuron
how is nerve different than neuron
nerve is many neurons
what is resting potentiall
the electrical charge difference between the inside and outside of a cell when it is not actively sending signals
what is acting potentional
a rapid change in voltage across a cell membrane
What does the CNS do what is it?
The central nervous system works by sending and receiving messages to various parts of the body
How does impulse Occur
when a force is applied to an object over a period of time, causing a change in its momentum
explain resting potential
Stimulus: A stimulus starts the action potential.
Depolarization: Sodium ion channels open, causing a rapid rise in voltage.
Repolarization: Potassium ion channels open, causing a rapid return to resting voltage.
Resting state: The membrane potential returns to its resting voltage.
what are nerve impulses
For example, if your finger touches a hot stove, nerve impulses support quick communication between nerve cells in the hand and the brain so you avoid a serious burn.
what is sodium potassium pump
a protein in cell membranes that moves sodium and potassium ions to maintain the cell’s resting membrane potential.
what is neurotransmitters
chemical messengers in the body. Their function is to transmit signals from nerve cells to target cells. These signals help regulate bodily functions ranging from heart rate to appetite.
what is a synapse
the junction between two neurons that allows a signal to pass between them.
what is a synaptic gap
the space between two neurons where nerve impulses are transmitted.
what is excitatory synapse
a synapse that increases the likelihood of an action potential in a postsynaptic cell.
what is inhibitory synapse
a connection between neurons that decreases the activity of the receiving neuron.
the cerebrum
the largest part of the brain, located at the front and top of the skull. It’s responsible for many functions, including movement, speech, thought, and emotions.
the cerebellum
a part of the brain that controls balance and coordination, and is responsible for many other complex motor functions
the brainstem
responsible for controlling vital functions like breathing, heart rate, blood pressure, and basic reflexes,
what is the spinal cord
a column of nerves that connects the brain to the rest of the body
what is peripheral nervous system
part of your nervous system that lies outside your brain and spinal cord. It plays key role in both sending information from different areas of your body back to your brain,
what is the somatic nervous system
a part of the peripheral nervous system that controls voluntary movements of the body, essentially allowing conscious control over muscle actions like walking, lifting, and talking,
what is sensory division
carries sensory information from the body to the brain
what is reflexes
automatic actions that your body performs in response to something without conscious thought
what is motor division
the part of the nervous system that carries signals from the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) to muscles, essentially controlling movement and bodily actions
what is autonomic nervous system
a component of the peripheral nervous system that regulates involuntary physiologic processes including heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, digestion, and sexual arousal.
what is sympathetic nervou ssystem
a network of nerves that activates the body’s “fight-or-flight” response.
what is parasympathetic nervous system
responsible for the body’s “rest and digest” functions,
what is photoreceptors
specialized cells in the retina that convert light into electrical signals that the brain can use to create images.
what is the cornea
the clear, dome-shaped front layer of the eye that allows light to enter and helps the eye focus
what is the pupil
the opening at the center of the iris through which light passes.
what is the iris
the colored part of your eye
what is the lens
a transparent, curved structure that focuses light onto the retina.
what is the retina
the light-sensitive layer of tissue at the back of the eyeball
what is teh cochlea
The cochlea’s function is to convert sound waves into electrical signals that the brain can interpret as sound
what is the semicircular canals
three tiny, fluid-filled tubes in the inner ear that help you keep your balance.
what are taste buds
cells on your tongue that allow you to perceive tastes, including sweet, salty, sour, bitter and umami
What is REM sleep
a stage of sleep when your eyes move quickly behind closed eyelids while you dream
what are olfactory receptors
cells in the nose that detect odors and send that information to the brain
five types of sensory receptors
Mechanoreceptors: Detect mechanical stimuli like pressure, touch, vibration, and texture, primarily found in the skin.
Thermoreceptors: Sense changes in temperature, allowing the body to detect heat and cold.
Photoreceptors: Respond to light, located in the retina of the eye, enabling vision.
Chemoreceptors: Detect chemical substances, responsible for taste and smell.
Nociceptors (Pain receptors):
what do rods and cones do
detect light and convert it into neural impulses. Rods are used for night vision and detecting dim light, while cones are used for color vision and detecting bright light.
reflex arc
a neural pathway that controls a reflex, which is an automatic response to a stimulus
what does lymbic system do (brain)
helps control your emotions and behaviors.
what are some stimulants
what is stimulants
caffiene, nicotine,meth
Used to increase alertness, relieve fatigue
what are depresants
what are some
Used to releive stress tension
alcohol, tranquilizers
what is opiates
examples
used to relieve pain
Morphine
what is fetal alcohol syndrom
when fetus gets too much alcohol
could lead to facial features muscle development
why are you dizzy when you spin around then stop
liquids in your ear are telling your brian your brian your moving but your eye says otherwise
what type of tissue is the sclera
connective
what is white and gray matter
tissues in the brain and spinal cord that process information and allow the body to move, learn, and think.
