chapter 13 Flashcards
whats the three part unit called with the adenine and stuff
nucleotide
what are the three parts of nucleotide
phosphate, deoxyribose, nitrogonous base
what is transcription
cell makes a copy of a specific section of DNA, called a gene, into a molecule called RNA, which carries the genetic information needed to produce a protein
where does transcription happen
in the nucleus
what is the strand being made during transciption
messanger RNA
what is DNA polymerase
a multisubunit enzyme that copies DNA sequences into RNA sequences
Does all of the MRNA come out or just some of it
some of it. Just the gene
where does the Gene travel too after it leaves
the ribosome
what is TRNA
transfer rna
what does Transfer RNA do
it transfers the amino acids
what is a codon
a three part nucleotide in dna or rna molecule that translate the genetic code of DNA and RNA into proteins.
what are the three main types of RNA
Messanger RNA
Transfer RNA
Ribosome RNA
is the MRNA made directly or does it get modiefied
Modified
what about MRNA is Modified
the introns get disposed. the stuff thats not needed for the particular type of tissue their making
what is exons and introns
exons are the things that MRNA does need and introns are the things it doesnt.
what is added to eaither end of an MRNA
A cap and a tail
why is a cap and a tail added to the end of MRNA
to know where the start and end of the MRNA is and to protect it.
what is the different nitrogenous base in the nucleotides
instead of thymine its uracil
describe transcription
RNA Polymerase unzips and puts them in. MRNA breaks off, leaves the nucleus and goes to the stapler aka the ribosome
what is the initiator codon
AUG
IF codon is what is on the MRNA what is on the TRNA
ANTICODON
how does transfer RNA know which amino acids to bring to the messanger
if the codon is AUG then the anticodon is UAC
when methionine and phenylalaline are enxt to each other what do they do?
what energy do they to that with?
They combine forming covalent bonds
With ATP energy
where is the polypeptide assembly line happening
in the ribosome
what are the mistakes in the genes and stuff called
mutations
what type of mutation is it when one nucleotide is messed up chromosomal or gene
gene mutation
what is chromosome mutations
deletion an extra chromosome twisting stuff like that
what are the three types of gene mutation
substitution, insertion,deletion
when one nitrogenous base is removed how many amino acids are changed
just one
what is substituiotn
when one nucleotide is replaced by another
what is insertion
when there is one additional nitrogoneous base.
what is deletion
when one of the bases gets removed
what is the function of the lac operon
control the process of breaking down lactose (milk sugar) into usable energy
what is the main transcription enzyme
RNA POLYMERASE
what is translation
the process in which cells use mRNA to make protein
what do polypeptides do
help make up proteins by bonding numerous amino acids together.
what is rRNA do
help translate the information in messenger RNA (mRNA) into protein
