chp. 10

Question 1

civilization

Answer 1

a society where large numbers of people live in cities, are socially stratified, and are governed by a ruling elite working through centrally organized political systems called states

Question 2

Bronze Age

Answer 2

period marked by production and tools and ornaments made from bronze, Began 5000 years ago in china

Question 3

social stratification

Answer 3

emergence of social classes (series of ranked social categories such as wealth, occupation, kin group

Question 4

grave goods

Answer 4

items such as utensils, figurines, and personal possessions, symbolically placed in the grave for afterlife

Question 5

hydraulic theory

Answer 5

theory that explains civilizations emergence the result of construction of elaborate irrigation systems, the functioning of which requires full time managers whose control blossomed into first governing body and elite social classes (“irrigation theory”)

Question 6

action theory

Answer 6

the theory that self serving actions by forceful leaders play a role in civilizations emergence