ch. 9

Question 1

Neolithic

Answer 1

New Stone Age; a prehistoric period beginning about 10,000 years ago in which peoples possessed stone-based technologies and depended on domesticated plants and/or animals for subsistence

Question 2

mesolithic

Answer 2

the middle Stone Age of Europe, Asia and Africa beginning 12,000 years ago

Question 3

archaic cultures

Answer 3

the term used to refer to mesolithic cultures in the Americas

Question 4

microlith

Answer 4

a small blade of flint or similar stone, when we hafted (sometimes several of them) into a wooden handle would make a tool that was widespread in the mesolithic

Question 5

Natufian culture

Answer 5

a mesolithic culture from the lands that are now Israel, Palestine, Lebanon, and western Syria, between about 10,200 and 12,500 years ago

Question 6

neolithic revolution

Answer 6

domestication of plants and animals by peoples with stone-based technologies beginning about 10,000 years ago and leading to radical transformations in cultural systems; sometimes referred to as the Neolithic transition.

Question 7

horticulture

Answer 7

the cultivation of crops in food gardens, carried out with simple hand tools such as digging sticks and hoes.

Question 8

pastoralism

Answer 8

breeding and managing of migratory herds of domesticated grazing animals such as goats, sheep, cattle, llamas, and camels

Question 9

innovation

Answer 9

any new idea, method, or device, that gains widespread acceptance in society

Question 10

primary innovation

Answer 10

the creation, invention, or chance discovery of a completely new idea, method, or device.

Question 11

secondary innovation

Answer 11

modification of already existing idea, method, device.

Question 12

domestication

Answer 12

an evolutionary process where nearby humans modify, intentionally or unintentionally, the genetic makeup of a population of wild plants or animals, sometimes to the extent that members of the population cannot survive or cannot reproduce without human assistance

Question 13

vegeculture

Answer 13

cultivation of domesticated root crops such as yams, manioc, and taro together in a single field, generally by planting cuttings instead of seeds

Question 14

diffusion

Answer 14

spread of ideas, practices, customs from one culture to another

Question 15

egalitarian society

Answer 15

a society in which people have about the same rank, and share equally in the basic resources that support income, status, and power

Question 16

mesoamerica

Answer 16

region extending from central Mexico to northern regions of Central America

Question 17

agriculture

Answer 17

intensive crop cultivation, employing plows, fertilizer and irrigation