chp 1 Flashcards
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Imperialism
The policy of acquiring and controlling
dependent territories carried out by a state
New imperialism
The period of intensive colonization by
the European powers,
What where the primary motives for new imperialism?
(2 types)
Economic-Industrial revolution,Need for raw materials,Trade with Africa ad China is of interest,Introduction of tarrifs
Political-British occupation of Suez canal, Strtegic location,Nationalism,Social policy
Tarrifs
Tax on inported Goods
Free Trade
oAgrement between countries to allow trade without tarrifs and other consequnces in a designated area.
What Allowed European powers to easiley ocupy Africa
1 Maxin Gun(First Machine gun)
2 Steamboats (easier access)
3 Quinine(Anti malaria drug) congo prone to malaria
4 Finacial power
How much of Africa wa controlled by European power in 1870 compared to 1914.
10% compared to 90%(excluding free Ethiopia and liberia)
What where the main reasons for missionaries going to Africa
Desired to bring the Gospel to
unreached peoples
Eager to abolish the slave trade
Who was David Livingstone
He was a Scottish missionary and explorer
Who was King Leopold
He was the King of belgium between 1865-1909
Founder of the IAA
congo free state
Who is Pierre Brazza
And why was he interested in Africa
French-Italien Explorer
Sent by King leopold to lead a convoy to the lower congo
Had secret intructions to annex it in france’s name
He failed but came home a french hero
Who
Otto van bismark
He was german former chancellor or newly unified Prusia and the German states.from 1871-1890 and prussia prime minister from (1862-1873)
Berlin conference
Founded by Von bimark in 1885
Its intent was to negotiate trades between european power over who could control areas in Africa.
What is the General act
An Act made at the berlin conference between, euopean nations that created more harmonious flow to there colonization process of Africa.
(Such as free trade ,power vacums,and effective ocipation)
What is Effective occupation
The idea of if a Power had some sort of
Treaties with locals,Flew a flag there or had soem soft of adminisatration to govern the land they had claimed.
Exmp (flag-Fashoda Britain France)
Sphere of influence
is a terrritory or region where a country holds power,cultural influence or military precense
Who is Henry morton Stanley
A welsch American explorer known for his expeditions into central africa
Who are the Mahdist
They where a sudanese revolt againts the british and french attempt to take control over sudan.
What is a power Vacum
territories left undominated by another state after the withdrawal or collapse of the original ruling power
EL Dorado
Spanish for Fabouesley wealthy city or place
Who where the 2 countries involved in the Fashoda Crisis
France,Britain
Fashoda crisis
is the dispute between France and England about the Sudanese’s and control over the Nile river
Who are the boers
Decendants of the dutch , and the original habitants of South Africa
Who is Charles Darwin
A English Naturalist,Geoligist and Biologist that created the theory that evolution
of the human race exists
(Very popular) some used as justification for slavery
Anthropoligist
someone who scientifically studies humans and there cultures and beliefs
Reasons for British support
popularity
Newly fromed ideas
nationalism
new stories out of africa
books,papers
routine life change is new
Why did the british public opion change with the beors
Beor war started
british in favour of this quick war
guerilla warfare started on beor side
british couldn’t tell who was a civilian or not
put them all in cocentration camps
a large population died
british public didn,t like it much
Main Reasons for domestic support in France
National pride is wounded after many loses
waterloo,suez canal,A.L.
urge to turn france into a main power again.Also to have respect on their name.Some other reason may be sense of revenge for britains wrondoings in fashoda.
What are Reasons otto van Bismark originally didn’t like imperialism
not enough Naval force
insuffeciant bureaucracy
had more concerns back home then overseas
Reasons for domestic support in Germany
nationalism
new Nation
encouragemnet of stabilaztion and unification
for the wrold to recognize the newly formed germany
what is the Navy League
fromed in 1898
desinged to support the germans expand there imperial Navy.
A bigger navy means global competetiveness
Pan German Lleague
A nationalist organization with the idea of german culture and unfication of german and other cultutures together. eg poland switzerland Austria
(small in size,large in influence)
Entente
a type of treaty where both sided decide to cooperate with each other in case of a military crisis.
when was the german Unification
1871
Balkans
a geographical are in southeast Europe
that includes Greece ,Romania,Bulgaria and Serbia
when was the first Moroccan crisis
1905
Cthis drives france and birtain closer)
Entente cordial
A treaty like agreement between france and England in 1904
When was the second Moroccan crisis
1911
Triple entente
is the unfication of the Entente cordial+ the Anglo russian
(France,Britan,Russia)
Triple Alliance
A defensive millitary alliance between Germany,italy,and Austria-Hungary
opium wars
a dispute between britain and the quing dynasty of china over opium inport to china by britain from india
treaty of nanking
1842, unequel treaty ended the opium wars
ceded Hong Kong to britain,and forced china to open 5 coastel cities to trade.
Anglo dutch treaty
1814, allowed brtain to have conrol over the cape colony.The great trek-.The Beor population moves inland,create’s Orange free state,Transval
Germany annex south west africa
1884
When was Gold foun in south africa
(transval)
1886
(over the next 5 years brits flood in)
Kruger telegam
a telegram sent by kaiser wilhelm to paul kruger congratulating him on defending againts the Jameson raid
international conferences
(examples)
Berlin west Africa conference 1884
the Hague conference 1899
the hague conference 1907
(no third hague conference due to ww1)
Court of abitration
formed in the 1899 hague conference
is a courth that is managedd by third party
rules of Diplomacy
Each nation is sovereign
no such thing as international law
each nation has ambassadors to all other nations
Wat happened in the Moroccan crisis of 1905
kaiser wilhelm visits morocco on his cruise ship.He greets the sultan as if he a independent ruler and ignores frennch claim of morraco
What happened in the Moroccan crisis of 1911
the German gunboat the “Pantera” heads to Agadir to protect German interests but really to put pressure on France
Alsace-Lorraine
Territory in France ,taken by the Germans ruing the franco-Prussian war.
Theophile Declassee
French foreign minister from 1898-1906
George Van caprivi
German general and Reich Chancellor 1890-1894
Russian’s Reasons for Interest in China
They wanted a ice-free port for trade to the Atlantic
Boxer rebellion
Secret Chinese Patriotic and nationalist organization
Legation quarter
The are in Beijing where foreign diplomats businessman live.
First Boer war
1880
Convection of Pretoria
Orange free state and Transvaal are given freedom on internal affairs, but not international
Jameson raid
Raid started by Cecil Rhodes against the Boers government in 1895
