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03/10 > Choosing and anaesthetic > Flashcards

Choosing and anaesthetic Flashcards

1
Q

Give some examples of inhalational anaesthetics

A
  • Isoflurane (most common)
  • Desflurane
  • Halothane (difficult to obtain)
  • Sevoflurane
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2
Q

Can nitrous oxide produce anaesthesia?

A
  • Not on its own (would need too high values)

- but can contribute towards a balanced anaesthetic regimen (60-70%)

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3
Q

What is the MAC50?

A

MAC value which measures the potency of an inhalational anaesthetic
- minimum alveolar concentration of an anaesthetic that prevents purposeful movement in response to a specified noxious stimuli in 50% of animals

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4
Q

What factors may influence the choice of anaesthetic agent?

A

MAC value (potency)
Density
Cost of the agent
Speed of onset and recovery

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5
Q

Where should anaesthetic gas be delivered and waste gas removed from a chamber?

A
  • Ana gas should be delivered to bottom of chamber (is heavier than air)
  • Waste gas removed from top.
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6
Q

How do you work out how long it will take to fill a chamber?

A

Chamber volume / gas flow rate

Then 3x this to reach 95% of the vaporiser setting (equilibrium)

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7
Q

What do isoflurane% is a facemask on to maintain a safe level of ana

A

2% iso

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8
Q

What is the lowest gas flow rate you could use to maintain a well fitting face mask?

A

50-100ml/min
(3x mouse minute volume)

  • but in actively scavenged may need 1l/min
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9
Q

What is the order of recovery times from inhalantional ana from quickest to slowest?

A

Desflurane
Sevoflurane
Isoflurane
Halothane

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10
Q

What is the most appropriate carrier gas of inhalational/volatile anaesthetics?

A

Oxygen

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11
Q

What should time weighted average exposure to isoflurane be in the UK?

A

No higher than 50ppm

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12
Q

What is the pressure in a full O2 cylinder?

A

137 bar

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13
Q

Give some features of intramuscular injection of ana in rodents?

A
  • 5-10 mins induce ana
  • painful in rodents - small muscle mass
  • some substances irritant
    (ketamine)
  • usually avoided in small animals
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14
Q

How long does it take fot anaesthesia to develop after subcut injection?

A

5-15 mins

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15
Q

What else needs to be considered when using injectable anaesthesia?

A

Need to have a source of oxygen - either a facemask connected up to oxygen or low conc of ana to maintain state with oxygen

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16
Q

What can ketamine be administered in combination with to achieve a surgical plane of anaesthesia?

A

Xylazine or medatomidine

17
Q

What is hypnorm?

A

a mixture of fentanyl and fluanisone, (produces sedation) can be combined with midazolam (a benzodiazepam)

18
Q

Which anaesthetics are commonly used in rodents via intravenous injection?

A

propofol

alphaxalone

19
Q

What is buprenorphine?

A

An analgesic - can be given before the anaesthetic for pain relief after surgery and can reduce the amount of ana needed.

20
Q

Give 2 NSAIDs which may be useful to be used before the operation

A

Carprofen and meloxicam

21
Q

Which anaesthetic regimen can result in a specific analgesic effect but hyperglycaemia?

A

Ketamine/meditomidine

22
Q

What is fentanyl?

A

An analgesic

23
Q

What is diazepam?

A

A sedative

24
Q

What is fluanisone?

A

A sedative

25
Q

What is midalozam?

A

A sedative

26
Q

What concentrations of inhalational ana could you give after injectable to maintain a level of ana during surgery?

A

0.5% isoflurane or 1% sevoflurane

27
Q

what is atipamezole used for?

A

Antagonist to medatomidine which may speed up recovery from administration of ket/med

28
Q

What are the antagonists for medetomidine, fentanyl and midazolam?

A

Medatomidine - Atipamezole
Fentanyl - Butorphanol
Midazolam - Flumazenil

29
Q

Give examples of alpha-2 receptor antagonists

A

Medetomidine

Xylazine

30
Q

Give an example of a dissociative agent

A

ketamine

31
Q

Give an example of a neurosteroid anaestetic

A

PRopofol

32
Q

Give an examples of a barbiturate

A

Pentobarbitone (only used for euthanasia)

33
Q

What can be administered in the case of an opiod overdose?

A

Naloxone

03/10 (9 decks)

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