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03/10 > Anaesthesia > Flashcards

Anaesthesia Flashcards

1
Q

What do AA, AB , AC or AD stand for during anaesthesia?

A

AA- no anaesthesia
AB- anaesthesia with recovery
AC - anaesthesia no recovery
AD - neuromuscular agents used - with an anaesthetic agent)

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2
Q

How is reuse of animals looked upon by home office?

A

Strongly discouraged - will say if they are able to be resused - due to long lasting distress ..

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3
Q

What affects are within the triad of anaesthesia?

A
  • loss of consciousness
  • Muscle relaxation
  • loss of sensation
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4
Q

What topical local anaesthetic may be useful on animals?

A

Anaesthetic cream - EMLA, Astra - prevent pain associated with venepuncture

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5
Q

What other systems apart from the brain and SC, will be affected by anaesthetic?

A
  • cardiovascular effects - hard rate reduces
  • respiratory depression - reduced breathing frequency (often breathe deeper)
  • BP falls
  • Animal becomes cold/loses heat
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6
Q

What animals need to be fasted before anaesthesia and why?

A
  • dogs, cats, non-human primates, ferrets, pigs, maybe sheep
  • Need to be fasted as anaesthesia may cause nausea - - may cause vommitting during anaesthesia- risk of being inhaled into lungs - pneumonia
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7
Q

What animals do you not withold food from (fast), before anaesthetic?

A

rodents, rabbits, guinea pigs

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8
Q

How many days do animals need to become acclimatised to new surroundings before undergoing anaesthesia?

A

7-10 days to get used to new surroundings

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9
Q

What condition of the animal needs to be checked before anaesthesia?

A

Animal needs to be checked that it is in good health for recovery anaesthetic.
- animals should be weighed regularly to monitor for changes in weight

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10
Q

Give some examples of local anaesthetics

A
  • topical anaesthetics - EMLA cream
  • lidocaine injection
  • block nerve chunks by epidural or intrathecally (CSF)
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11
Q

Give some advantages of inhalational anaesthetic

A
  • simple to administer
  • induction is smooth and rapid
  • easy to change depth
  • recovery is rapid and uneventful
  • can anaethetise multiple animals at one time but will need multiple mouth pumps to maintain state
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12
Q

Give some advantages of injectable anaesthetics

A
  • multiple animals anaesthetised at once

- does not require specialist equipment

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13
Q

Give disadvantages of injectable anaesthetics

A
  • need to be able to deliver oxygen
  • dose cannot be adjusted when administered
  • individual variability to dose
  • intravenous injection may be technically difficult
  • some specialist training required to know what site to inject into
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14
Q

Give some disadvantages of inhalational anaesthetics

A
  • expensive equipment
  • waste gases need to be removed
  • depending on equipment may only be able to anaesthetise one animal at a time
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15
Q

Give some signs of ill health in a mouse

A
  • ruffled/dirty coat
  • closed/sqinting eyes
  • hunched over
  • not as active or alert
  • lose weight
  • abdominal twiching
  • pale feet/nose/ears/tail
  • puffed out cheeks
  • scrunched face
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16
Q

What are the 4 routes of administration of injectable anaesthetic

A
  • intraperitoneal (IP)
  • intravenous (IV)
  • intramuscular (IM)
  • subcutaneous (SC)
17
Q

give some examples of injectable anaesthesia

A
  • ketamine (combined with sedative/analgesic) e.g. medetomidine
  • alphaxalone
  • Hypnorm (with midazolam or diazepam)
  • etomidate (With fentanyl)
  • propofol
  • pentobarbital
18
Q

Is it a good idea to administer ketamine via IM injection?

A

No - can be irritant and may cause muscle damage

19
Q

how long does it usually take to recover from injectable general anaesthetic?

A

60-180 mins

IV usually shorter - 20-30 mins

20
Q

How can recovery from anaesthesia be sped up?

A
  • warm animal up

- administer antagonist

21
Q

What is the antagonist to ketamine/medetomidine?

A

atipamezole

22
Q

How do you check animal is suitably anaethetised before anaesthetic?

A
  • check withdrawel reflexes
  • check eye position/reflex
  • ear pinch (in rabbits and guinea pigs only)
23
Q

What two withdrawel reflexes are used in rodents?

A
  • Tail pinch (lost first - light anaethesia)

- pedal/toe pinch - medium/deep plains of anaestheisa - state of surgical anaesthesia

24
Q

What is normal resp rate and heart rate of mouse?

A
  • resp rate - 60-100 -(i think more (60-200) per min

- HR - 300-800 bpm

25
Q

What is the normal body temperature of a mouse?

A

38-39 C

26
Q

How can we prevent eye injury during anaesthesia?

A

keep eyes moist

  • opthalmic ointment
  • tape eyes closed
27
Q

What resp stimulant can be use don mice who stop breathing?

A

Doxapram - 10mg/kg

28
Q

How far does body temp have to fall to be defined as hypothermia in mice?

A
  • fall of 2 c
29
Q

What can we do to reduce heat loss from mice during anaesthesia?

A
  • keep on warm blanket
  • wrap in bubblewrap / foil
  • warm fluids up before administering
  • air warming blankets
30
Q

Give some examples of inhalational anaesthetics

A
  • sevoflourane
  • halothane (no longer available)
  • enflurane
  • desflurane
  • methoxlyflurane (no longer available )
  • isoflurane
  • ether (do not use)
31
Q

What should the percentages of isoflurane or sevoflurane be in an anaethetic chamber and what should the flow rate be?

A
  • isoflurane 5%
  • sevoflurane (8%)
  • 4 litres per min flow rate (in 2 litre chamber)
32
Q

What is the tidal volume of a mice?

A

7-10ml/kg

33
Q

what NSAID may be appropriate for post-operative pain?

A

carprofen

34
Q

When should the anaesthetic aim to be filled by?

A

In less than a minute - aim to induce full anaesthesia quickly - reduce period of excitement

35
Q

What dose of ketamine/medetomidine is recommended for use in mice?

A

75mg.kg

36
Q

What dose of ketamine/xylazine is recommended for use in mice?

A

80-100mg/kg

37
Q

How much respiratory depression is allowed before alarm?

A
  • is animal loses more than 40% of the expected/standard breathing rate - become alarmed

03/10 (9 decks)

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