Cholinergics Flashcards
name 4 reversible inhibitors of cholinesterase
1) edrophonium
2) physostigmine
3) neostigmine
4) donepezil
name 3 irreversible inhibitors of cholinesterase
1) isoflurophate
2) parathion
3) soman (+ other organophosphates)
name 1 reactivator of cholinesterase
Pralidoxime (PAM)
name 1 nicotinic agonist
nicotine
name 3 muscarinic agonists that are cholinesters
1) Ach
2) carbachol
3) bethanechol
name 3 muscarinic agonists that are natural alkaloids
1) Pilocarpine
2) muscarine
what part of the body is in charge of overall ANS integration?
Hypothalamus
which part of the body specifically controls pupil size, respiration, heart rate, bp, etc?
brainstem (midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata)
which part of the body specifically controls urination, defecation, erection, ejaculation reflexes?
spinal cord
What are 3 survival reflexes?
1) flight or fight
2) freeze
3) faint and look dead
hyperthyroidism results in an increase or decrease of sympathetic and parasympathetic systems?
increase in both sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems
cholinergic neurons release what NT?
ACh
which two cholinergic receptors bind ACh?
Nicotinic and Muscarinic
ACh is inactivated by what enzyme?
acetylcholinesterase
What is the mechanism of action of the M2 receptor at the SA node?
Gi activates K+ channel which reduces cAMP, PKA and availability of L-type Ca flow
What is the mechanism of action of nicotinic transmission at skeletal neuromuscular junction?
allows Na+ influx to produce an EPSP which depolarizes muscle membrane, generating an action potential and triggering contraction.
what drug is used if a physician suspects a patient is an asthmatic to see if there is increases bronchoconstriction sensitivity?
Methacholine
what receptor does ACh act on to decrease BP?
M3
What is the mechanism of action of M3 receptors for decreasing BP?
M3 sites in endothelial cells produces NO. NO diffuses to vascular smooth muscle cells to stimulate protein kinase G production which leads to hyperpolarizaiton and smooth muscle relaxation via phophadiesterase-3 inhibition
Bethanechol is selective for muscarinic or nicotinic receptors?
muscarinic
what are the Routes of Administration of Bethanechol?
oral and SC (CANNOT cross BBB)
what is the main use for Bethanechol?
stimulation of GI motility and tone as well as urine expulsion (increases tone of detrusor muscle)