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Mini II > Antimicrobial MOA > Flashcards

Antimicrobial MOA Flashcards

1
Q

What is the MOA of Beta-Lactam antibiotics?

A

Inhibits cell wall synthesis

  1. Inhibits Transpeptidase
  2. Activate autolysins
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2
Q

Susceptibility to Beta-Lactams depends on what?

A

Makeup of outer membrane

Thickness of peptidoglycan

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3
Q

Resistance to Beta-Lactams can be achieved how?

A
  1. Production of Beta-Lactamase
  2. Development of Penicillin-binding proteins PBPs with decreased affinity for the drug
  3. Decreased permeability of cell membrane
  4. Active efflux pump
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4
Q

What is the MOA of Vancomycin?

A 
Inhibits cell wall synthesis
Inhibits Transglycosylase (also inhibits transpeptidase but inhibits transglycosylase first)
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5
Q

What is the MOA of Aminoglycosides?

A

IRREVERSIBLY binds 30S

Blocks the initiation complex

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6
Q

Aminoglycosides: Bactericidal or Bacteriostatic?

Concentration-dependent or Time-dependent?

A

Bactericidal

Concentration-dependent

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7
Q

What type of bacteria have natural resistance to Aminoglycosides?

A

Anaerobic bacteria

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8
Q

What is the MOA of Macrolides?

A

Inhibit protein synthesis

REVERSIBLE BINDING OF 50S- blocks translocation and transpeptidation

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9
Q

What is the MOA of Lincosamides?

A

Inhibit protein synthesis

REVERSIBLE BINDING OF 50S- blocks translocation and transpeptidation

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10
Q

Macrolides, Lincosamides: Bactericidal or Bacteriostatic?

A

Bacteriostatic

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11
Q

What is the MOA of Tetracyclines?

A

Inhibit protein synthesis

REVERSIBLE BINDING TO 30S- prevents access of aminoacyl-tRNA to acceptor site

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12
Q

What is the MOA of Glycylcyclines?

A

Inhibit protein synthesis

REVERSIBLE BINDING TO 30S- prevents access of aminoacyl-tRNA to acceptor site

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13
Q

What is the MOA of Chloramphenicol?

A

Inhibits protein synthesis

REVERSIBLE BINDING TO 50S- blocks transpeptidation

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14
Q

What is the MOA of the Quinupristin-Dalfopristin combo?

A

Quinupristin binds 50S- blocks translocation
Dalfopristin binds to 50S inducing conformational change that enhances binding of Quinupristin

Only one of them used= bacteriostatic
Both used in combo= bactericidal, long postantibiotic effect

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15
Q

What is the MOA of Linezolid?

A

Inhibits protein synthesis

BINDS 50S AT SPECIFIC SITE NEAR 30S- inhibits formation of initiation complex

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16
Q

Linezolid: Bactericidal or Bacteriostatic?

A

Bacteriostatic

17
Q

What is the MOA of Sulfonamides?

A

Inhibits NA synthesis

BLOCKS DIHYDROPTEROATE SYNTHETASE

18
Q

What is the main mechanism of resistance to Sulfonamides?

A

Increased production of PABA

19
Q

Acquired resistance to Sulfonamides is now common to which organisms?

A

Neisseria, Strep, Staph, Shigella, E. coli

20
Q

What is the MOA of Trimethoprim?

A

Inhibits NA synthesis

BLOCKS DIHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE

21
Q

What is the MOA of Fluoroquinolones?

A

Inhibits NA synthesis

BLOCKS TOPOISOMERASE II (DNA gyrase)- prevents relaxation of supercoiled DNA- prevalent mechanism in Gram(-)

BLOCKS TOPOISOMERASE IV- interferes with separation of chromosomes- prevalent mechanism in Gram(+)

22
Q

Fluoroquinolones: Bactericidal or Bacteriostatic?

Concentration-dependent or Time-dependent?

A

Bactericidal
Concentration-dependent

+ post-antibiotic effect

23
Q

What is the MOA of Metronidazole?

A

Prodrug that forms highly reactive nitro radical that DAMAGES DNA

24
Q

Metronidazole is only effective against what two classes of organisms?

A

Anaerobic bacteria

Protozoa

25
Q

name a broad and narrow acting penicillin

A

1) Penicillin G (narrow)

2) Ampicillin (broad)

26
Q

Name a first, second, third, and fourth generation cephalosporin

A

1st) Cephalexin
2nd) cefuroxime
3rd) ceftriaxone
4th) cefepime

27
Q

name one carbapenem

A

imipenem

28
Q

name one monobactam

A

aztrenoam

29
Q

name one beta-lactamase inhibitor

A

clavulanate

30
Q

are beta-lactams bactericidal or bacteriostatic?

A

bactericidal

31
Q

T or F: beta-lactams’ killing of bacteria does not increase with increasing concentrations above the MBC

A

(T)

beta-lactams’ = “time dependent” so killing of bacteria continues as long as serum concentrations are greater than the MBC

32
Q

is it better to give a lower dose of gentamicin 3x/day or a higher dose 1x/day?

A

higher dose 1x/day. Aminoglycosides have better efficacy and lower toxicity when administered this way

33
Q

resistance develops mainly among which 3 bacteria for fluoroquinolones?

A

Psuedomonas
S. Aureaus
Serratia

Mini II (17 decks)

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