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neuro > cholinergics > Flashcards

cholinergics Flashcards

1
Q

direct agonists

A

act on nicotonic/muscarinic receptors

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2
Q

ACh

A

nicotinic
muscarinic

rapidly hydrolyzed

use: miosis induction

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3
Q

Methacholine

A

muscarinic

slowly hydrolyzed

use: inhalation test for bronchial hyperactivity

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4
Q

Bethanechol

A

muscarinic

hydrolysis resistant

use: urinary retention

SE: palpitations

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5
Q

Carbachol

A

nicotinic
muscarinic

hydrolysis resistant

use: topical opthalmic surgery, glaucoma

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6
Q

pilocarpine

A

muscarinic

hydrolysis resistant

use:
dry mouth
glaucoma

SE: palpitations

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7
Q

vecimeline

A

muscarinic

hydrolysis resistant

use:
dry mouth
Sjogren’s syndrome

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8
Q

nicotine

A

nicotinic

low dose: stimulate
high dose: inhibit

SE: increase HR, BP, GI tone, tremors, seizures

toxic!

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9
Q

AChE inhibitors

A

form irreveresible bond w/Ser

use:
myasthenia gravis
glaucoma
Alzheimer's
reverse NMJ blockers
antimuscarinic drug toxicity

SE:
DUMBBELLS
NMJ blockade (paralysis)

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10
Q

alcohols: edrophonium

A

short-acting AChE inhibitor

competitive inhibitor (reversible)

use: Dx myasthenia gravis

doesn’t cross BBB

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11
Q

carbamates

A

intermediate-acting AChE inhibitor

slowly reversible

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12
Q

donepezil

A

carbamate

use: Alzheimer’s

SE: GI problems

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13
Q

rivastigmine

A

carbamate

use: Alzheimer’s

SE: GI problems

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14
Q

galantamine

A

carbamate

use: Alzheimer’s

SE: GI problems

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15
Q

neostigmine

A

carbamate

use: reverse NM block in surgery

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16
Q

pyridostigmine

A

carbamate

use: myasthenia gravis

17
Q

ambenonium

A

carbamate

use: myasthenia gravis

18
Q

guanidine

A

carbamate

use: Lambert-Eaton syndrome

19
Q

organophosphates

A

long-acting AChE inhibitor
irreversible

aging: lose alkyl group
antidote: 2PAM before aging

20
Q

echothiophate

A

organophosphate

use: glaucoma

21
Q

malathion

A

organophosphate

22
Q

soman

A

organophosphate

nerve gas

23
Q

sarin

A

organophosphate

nerve gas

24
Q

dizinon

A

organophosphate

insectiside

25
Q

pralidoxime (2PAM)

A

organophosphate antidote

give before aging occurs

26
Q

atropine

A

organophosphate antidote
muscarinic antagonist

blocks muscarinic effects of ACh

given to troops prophylactically

27
Q

muscarinic antagonist

A

DUMBBELLS

use:
preanesthetic - dry secretions
asthma/COPD - bronchodilate
motion sickness
GI hypermotility
antipsychotic SE

risk:
glaucoma - can’t see
prostatic hypertrophy - can’t pee
memory problems

28
Q

scopolamine

A

muscarinic antagonist

use:
motion sickness
pre-op sedation

SE:
drowsiness
amnesia
psychosis

29
Q

ipratropium

A

muscarinic antagonist

poor CNS penetration

use:
COPD
asthma

neuro (12 decks)

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