cholinergic drugs

Question 1

what are cholinergic drugs?

Answer 1

various drugs that inhibit, enhance, or mimic the action of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine

Question 2

what are the two types of receptors for acetylcholine?

Answer 2

nicotinic receptors and muscarinic receptors

Question 3

what kind of receptors are abundant in the cns?

Answer 3

both nicotinic and muscarinic receptors

Question 4

what is acetylcholine made from?

Answer 4

made from choline and acetyl CoA. remember that acetylcholine is an ester

Question 5

what are the two categories cholinergic drugs can be divided into?

Answer 5

cholinergic agonist, cholinergic antagonist.

Question 6

cholinergic agonists

Answer 6

pilocarpine, muscarine, pyridostigmine, physostigmine, neostigmine, and VX.

Question 7

pyridostigmine

Answer 7

diagnose and treat myasthenia gravis. an autoimmune disease which damages the Ach nicotinic receptor at neuromuscular junction.

Question 8

physostigmine

Answer 8

reversal of severe cholinolytic toxicity (ie atropine)

fast absorbing and can go through blood brain barrier to enter CNS.

Question 9

neostigmine

Answer 9

treat mysathenia gravis and reverse the effects of nondepolarizing competitive muscle relaxants.

Question 10

VX

Answer 10

nerve agent, chemical warfare, deadly

Question 11

atropine

Answer 11

is an antidote. and will reverse the actions of the dangerous chemicals

Question 12

nicotine

Answer 12

a cholinergic agonist at low doses. An antagonist at high doses. only used for smoking cessation. nothing else.

Question 13

cholinergic antagonists

Answer 13

there are both muscarinic and nicotinic antagonists.

Question 14

atropine

Answer 14

antidote to irreversible anticholinesterase (VX), anti-diarrhea, cause mydriasis, can be toxic.

is an antidote. and will reverse the actions of the dangerous chemicals

Question 15

scopolamine

Answer 15

target vomiting center. anti motion sickness and anti-emetic.

Question 16

what are the side effects if cholinergic antagnosits?

Answer 16

promote ABCDs

a: agitation
B: blurred vision
C: constipation and confusion
D: dry mouth 
S: stasis of urination and sweating

Question 17

nicotine (biphasic effect)

Answer 17

at low dose, stimulate ganglionic receptors (agonist)

at high dose, inhibit ganglionic receptors (antagonist)

at low dose: increase BP
at high dose: decrease BP

only use—> to help people quit smoking

Question 18

which sites control the sympathetic (adrenergic) predominant tone?

Answer 18

arterioles and veins

Question 19

which sites control the sympathetic (cholinergic) predominant tone?

Answer 19

sweat glands

Question 20

what is a biphasic effect?

Answer 20

basically different effects on different doses of a drug. for instance, nicotine. the dosage is very important. it will effect outcome of the signaling.

Question 21

what is the antidote for vx?

Answer 21

atropine ????