antiepileptic drugs

Question 1

seizure vs epilepsy definition and difference

Answer 1

seizure: event
epilepsy: disease

Question 2

what is the most common cause of seizure ?

Answer 2

epilepsy

Question 3

what is epilepsy?

Answer 3

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder marked by
recurrent episodes of seizures, associated with
abnormal electrical activity in the brain

Question 4

what is a seizure?

Answer 4

A seizure is a sudden attack with the physical
manifestations (as convulsions, sensory
disturbances, or loss of consciousness)

Question 5

phenytoin

Answer 5

Antiepileptic Drug That Inhibit Excitation..
block voltage-gated sodium
channels → ⇓ initiation of action potential

Question 6

carbamazepine

Answer 6

Antiepileptic Drug That Inhibit Excitation
block voltage-gated sodium
channels → ⇓ initiation of action potential

Question 7

valproic acid

Answer 7

Antiepileptic Drug That Inhibit Excitation
block voltage-gated sodium
channels → ⇓ initiation of action potential

Question 8

gabapentin

Answer 8

Antiepileptic Drug That Inhibit Excitation

block voltage-gated calcium
channels → ⇓ neurotransmitter release

Question 9

levetiracetam

Answer 9

Antiepileptic Drug That Inhibit Excitation

interact with synaptic vesicle
protein → ⇓ neurotransmitter release

Question 10

topiramate

Answer 10

Antiepileptic Drug That Enhance Inhibition

block voltage-gated sodium channels;
block glutamate receptor (AMPA/kainate);
allosteric activation of GABA receptor

Question 11

phenobarbital

Answer 11

Antiepileptic Drug That Enhance Inhibition

allosteric activation of GABA
receptor → ⇑ inhibitory effect of GABA

Question 12

diazepam

Answer 12

diazepam is a long acting benzodiazepine.

Nonseizure indications: anxiety, muscle spasm,
insomnia, and alcohol withdrawal symptoms
 Pregnancy category D: evidence of human fetal risk
 Large therapeutic index and reversal agent
 Adverse effects: blurred vision, headache, and
confusion
 Drugs administration: Diastat ® (diazepam rectal
gel), the first at-home alternative for the treatment
of acute repetitive seizures, was approved by the
FDA in 1997

Question 13

tiagabine

Answer 13

Antiepileptic Drug That Enhance Inhibition

binds GAT1 (GABA transporter 1) to inhibit GABA reuptake→ ⇑ [GABA]

Question 14

what does zero order elimination mean?

Answer 14

a lot more drugs than the enzymes can handle.

Question 15

pregnancy category D

Answer 15

evidence showing def bad for fetus.

Question 16

whats the reversal agent for Diazepam?

Answer 16

flucomazole???? (will be on the test)