Cholinergic/Adrenergic Drugs

Question 1

What kind of drug is Atropine? Used for?

Answer 1

Reversible, non-selective mAChR antagonist
Used to tx organophosphate poisoning, symptomatic bradycardia, to block vagal reflex in surgery. Contraindicated in glaucoma patients.

Question 2

What kind of drug is Pralidoxime? Used for?

Answer 2

Cholinesterase regenerator (so helps degrade Ach in NMJ)
Used to tx organophosphate poisoning

Question 3

What kind of drug is Bethanechol? Used for?

Answer 3

Selective charged mAChR agonist, used to tx urinary retention (M3)

Question 4

What kind of drug is Carbachol? Used for?

Answer 4

Nonspecific cholinergic agonist.

Used to tx glaucoma/produce miosis during surgery/exams

Question 5

What kind of drug is Cevimeline? Use?

Answer 5

Direct-acting cholinergic agonist. Used to treat dry mouth (xerostomia) in patients with Sjogrens. Contraindicated in asthma patients.

Question 6

What kind of drug is Pilocarpine? Use?

Answer 6

Direct mAChR agonist. Used to treat xerostomia, for miosis and glaucoma.

Question 7

What kind of drug is Acetylcholine? What is its approved use?

Answer 7

Cholinergic agonist. Used intraocularly for miosis during eye surgery.

Question 8

What kind of drug is Varenicline (Chantix)?

Answer 8

Partial agonist that binds with high affinity to a4b2 nAChRs. Used for smoking cessation

Question 9

What kind of drugs are Ipratropium and tiotropium? Use?

Answer 9

Inhalation mAChR antagonists. Used for asthma, COPD

Question 10

What kind of drug is Oxybutynin? Use?

Answer 10

Selective M3 antagonist. Can be used for GU disorders (incontinence and diarrhea) But has side effects of dry mouth/eyes

Question 11

What kind of drug is Phenylephrine? Use?

Answer 11

Selective alpha1 agonist. Used for hypotensive emergencies, priapism, mydriasis, decongestant

Question 12

What kind of drug is Clonadine? Use?

Answer 12

Selective alpha2 agonist. Causes bradycardia d/t decreased NE release. Used for chronic HTN.

Question 13

What kind of drug is Isoproterenol? Effect?

Answer 13

Non-selective beta agonist. Causes potent inotropic/chronotripic action, vasodilation, bronchodilation

Question 14

What kind of drug is Dobutamine? Use?

Answer 14

Selective b1 agonist, used for heart failure, cariogenic shock.

Question 15

What kind of drugs are Tertbutaline and Albuterol? Use?

Answer 15

Selective beta2 agonists. Used for asthma.

Question 16

What drug class are Amphetamine, methamphetamine, and methylphenidate in and what do they do?

Answer 16

Indirect adrenergic agonists, act as VMAT substrates, increase NE. For ADHD, obesity, narcolepsy

Question 17

What drug class is Epinephrine in? Used for?

Answer 17

Nonselective adrenergic agonist a1=a2, b1=b2. Tx of anaphylaxis.

Question 18

What drug class is Phentolamine in? Used for?

Answer 18

Competitive alpha (a1=a2) antagonist. Used to tx pheochromocytoma.

Question 19

What drug class is Prazosin in? Used for?

Answer 19

Irreversible a1 antagonist. Used to tx pheochromocytoma.

Question 20

What drug class is Physostigmine? Used for?

Answer 20

uncharged AChE inhibitor, increases ACh levels

Question 21

What drug class is Propranolol? Use?

Answer 21

b1=b2 antagonist. Used for HTN, MI.

Question 22

What is the suffix of a1 selective antagonists?

Answer 22

-osin (i.e. prazosin, terazosin)

Question 23

What drug class is Ephedrine in? Use?

Answer 23

Indirect adrenergic agonist (releases stored catecholamines). Mild stimulant, used for hypotension, decongestion, anaphylaxis.

Question 24

What kind of drug is Cocaine? Effects?

Answer 24

Indirect adrenergic agonist, inhibits NE/dopamine reuptak (via blocking MOT). Causes adrenomimetic action.

Question 25

What drug class are the amphetamines? Use?

Answer 25

Indirect adrenergic agonists, reverse DA/NE re-uptake and increse release. Used for ADHD, obesity.

Question 26

What receptors does NE act on? Result?

Answer 26

a1-a2, b1. NOT b2, increases HR, vasoconstriction but no bronchodilation or vasodilation.