Cholera, Campylobacter, Helicobacter Flashcards
Vibrio Cholerae
Gram negative comma, polar flagellum
Classical and El Tor
V. Cholerae Pathogenesis
Bind to bowl epithelium
Form colonies (TCP)
Secret toxins that enter cells
V. Cholerae Virulence Determinants
Toxin Coregulated Pilus (TCP) forms colonies
Cholera Toxin
- stimulates AC
- Inc cAMP
- FLUID LOSS
1. decrease NaCl absorption
2. Increased CL and HC03 secretion
Cholera symptoms
PAINLESS, odorless, WATERY diarrhea
Volume loss and dehydration
Low blood pressure -> death
Cholera treatment
Replace fluids
Antibiotics reduces duration
No vaccine
Cholera Epi
Limited to humans
Associated with poverty and inadequate sanitation
-big in Africa and S.A.
Contaminated water, shellfish, seafood
Dose depends on source
Cholera History
John Snow, determined spread in 1855
Growing worldwide,
Latest epidemic hit Haiti
Cholera prevention
Water precaution
Food precaution
Ineffective vaccines
Campylobacter
Curved gram negative rods
C Jejuni
C Coli
Camp Pathogenesis
Contaminated food or water
Colonize bowl
Rare bacteremia
Camp Epi
Zoonotic disease (esp poultry) -human to human rare
ID 500, one drop of chicken juice
Peak in summer
Does not make animals ill (yay?)
MOST COMMON AGENT OF DIARRHEA IN WORLD
Camp Clinical
Fever, malaise, headache,
Space
Fever, ab pain, diarrhea
.1% GUILLAIM-BARRE SYNDROME
- autoimmunity to own nerves
- paralysis
Camp Diagnosis
Culture of stool on special media
Camp Treatment
Supportive Therapy
Antibiotics for some
Camp prevention
Pasteurize milk
Cook meat
Heliobacter
Gram negative spiral
Lives in stomach mucus lining
->upper ab pain and bleeding
Helio Virulence Factors
UREASE - urea -> bicarb and ammonia
Adhesins - adherence
CagA - injected into nearby cells and disrupts everything
VacA - further damages epi lining
Helio Pathogenesis
Infection
- > ineffective Leukocyte response
- > Leukocytes die
- > free radical release
- > dead stomach cells
- > ulcer
Helio Epi
Transmitted orally
50% of world’s population
Helio Diagnosis
Radiolabeled Urea Test (BREATH TEST)
Stool culture
Seroconversion
Endoscopy definitive
Helio treatment
Antibiotics
Bismuth Salts
NO vaccine
