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Microbiology > Aneaerobic Infections > Flashcards

Aneaerobic Infections Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

How can you tell it’s an anaerobic infections?

A

Foul smelling discharge

Gas in necrotic tissue

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2
Q

What are the predisposing conditions for an anaerobic infection

A

Pulmonary aspiration

Bowel surgery

Poor dental hygiene

Human/animal bites

Trauma

Abortion

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3
Q

Where do most anaerobic infections occur?

A

Where Oxygen is low and access to endogenous bacterial is high

Occur because of:
A. Wound
B. Impaired blood supply
C. Tissue necrosis

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4
Q

What else should you keep in mind when you suspect an anaerobic infection?

A

Almost all anaerobic infections are MIXED

Anaerobe + another anaerobe or facultative aerobe

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5
Q

What’s important to remember when treating anaerobic infections?

A

Knowledge of local flora helps with therapy

Cultures take too long

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6
Q

How would you treat oral infections?

A

Penicilin sensitive

Usually gram + cocci and gram - rods

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7
Q

How would you generally treat intra abdominal infections?

A

Usually penicillin resistant

Gram - rods, mixed anaerobic infection

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8
Q

How do you culture anaerobic bacteria?

A

Carefully collect specimen and directly inject into special tubes

VERY LITTLE EXPOSURE TO AIR

Don’t forget to gram stain

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9
Q

What are the anaerobic gram negative rods?

A

Bacteroides Fragilis

Prevotella Melaninogenicus

Fusobacterium Species

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10
Q

What’s the most common anaerobic gram negative rod?

A

B. Fragilis

Large numbers in Large intestine

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11
Q

B. Fragilis Growth facts

A

Resists bacteriocidal bile

May tolerate trace levels of oxygen

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12
Q

What are most common anaerobes found in septicemia?

A

B. Fragilis and C. Perfringens

80% of anaerobic septicemias

(8% of total)

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13
Q

What are common B. Fragilis infections?

A

Intraabdominal (bowel rupture)

Female genital infections (pelvic abscess)

Septicemia

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14
Q

How would you treat a suspected B.F. Infection?

A

NOT PENICILLIN
-resistant

CEPHALOSPORIN
-eg cefoxitin

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15
Q

What is BF’s major virulence factor?

A

CAPSULE

Only capsulated strains produce abscess

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16
Q

What’s a common cause for oral infections?

A

Prevotella melaninogenicus

17
Q

What’s noticeable about P. Melaninogenicus cultures?

A

BLACK PIGMENT

From Hemin

Found on blood agar plates and infected tissues

18
Q

Prevotella Melaninogenicus

A

Oral infections

(Penicillin and oxygen sensitive)

Also sometimes found in genital infections

19
Q

What do Fusobacterium look like?

A

Tapered Ends (needle shape)

very thin

20
Q

Where do Fusobacterium infect?

A

Oral, lung, abdominal

21
Q

What are the anaerobic gram positive rods?

A

Clostridium (pore forming)

Bifidobacterium

Corynebacterium (diptheroids)

Lactobacillus

Actinomyce

22
Q

Chief suspect when sulfur granules present?

A

Actinomyces

Yellow granules seen in lesions composed of microcolonies

23
Q

What are common actinomyces infections

A

Oral and Dental abscess,

Lung abscess,

abdominal abscess

24
Q

Where is actinomyces normally found?

A

Oral pharynx and GI tract

25
Q

What are the anaerobic gram positive cocci?

A

Peptostreptococcus

Peptococcus

26
Q

Who is streptococci’s anaerobic twin?

A

Peptostreptococcus

Gram + cocci in chains

27
Q

Where is peptostrep usually found?

A

Commensal bacteria of the:

  • Mouth
  • Urogenital tract
  • GI tract
28
Q

Peptostrep infections are

A

Widespread and usually involve other anaerobes

EXCEPT

  • pleuro-pulmonary infection
  • brain abscesses
  • OB-GYN infections
29
Q

First drug of choice for anaerobes?

A

penicillin

EXCEPT below the diaphragm,
-> Used in conjunction with others

30
Q

Treating a mixed aerobe-anaerobe infection

A

aminoglycoside + anaerobe specific

Eg. Gent + clinda
Or Gent + cefoxitin

31
Q

How would you treat an abscess?

A

SURGICAL DRAINAGE!

Antibiotics can’t get inside

32
Q

Other antibiotics for anaerobes

A

Clindamycin

Cephalosporins (cefoxitin)
-especially for B. FRAGILIS

Chloramphenicol

Metronidazole

Microbiology (13 decks)

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