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ex phys II > CHO metabolism > Flashcards

CHO metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

phase one of gluose oxidation

A
  • first 5 steps
  • happens in the cytoplasm of liver/muscle cells
  • energy investment
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2
Q

rate limiting enzymes in step 1 of glycolysis

A

hexokinase: in all cells
glucokinase: only in liver
- 1 ATP consumed

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3
Q

rate limiting enzyme in step 3 of glycolysis

A

PFK: high levels in type II

  • 1 ATP consumed
  • play nig role in high intensity exercises
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4
Q

when will 1 or 2 ATPs consumed in the 1st phase of glycolysis

A
  • 1 ATP: if using glycogen

- 2 ATP: if usine glucose

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5
Q

when are NADH+H and ATP produced in glycolysis

how many?

A

NADH+H: step 6 (2 made)

ATP: step 7 and 10 (2 made in each step)

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6
Q

what rate limiting enzyme is used in step 10?

A

pyruvate kinase

-end product pyruvate

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7
Q

how is lactate formed?

A

NADH+H donate an H to pyruvate

  • lactate dehydrogenase used
  • lacate is end product
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8
Q

how is glucose delivered to the cells?

A
  • facilitated diffusionvia glut 4 during activity and glut 1 during rest
  • translocation triggered by insulin and muscle contraction
  • glut 4 found in liver, SM, and adipocytes
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9
Q

what are the 3 stages of getting energy from food?

A

1: digestion, absorption, and breakdown of macronutrients
2: degradation of amino acids, glucose, and fatty acids into acetyl CoA
3: degradation of acetyl CoA into ATP

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10
Q

what two reactions resynthesize ATP

what enzymes used?

A
  • 2ADP to ATP + AMP using adenylate kinase

- PCr +ADP to Cr + ATP using creatine kinase

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11
Q

what do low and high levels of ATP/ADP in your system lead to?

A
  • low ATP and high ADP: keep producing ATP b/c not done with actibity yet
  • high ATP and low ADP: stop producing ATP and start regen PCr b/c done with activity
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12
Q

3 key points about carbs

A
  • only macro supplying ATP anerobically
  • used exclusive in max exercises
  • supplies 60% of energy during light aerobic exercise
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13
Q

what enzyme is used to form:
glycogen from glucose
glucose from glycogen

A

glucose to glycogen: glycogen synthase
-post exercise when glycogen stores have been depleted
glycogen to glucose: glycogen phosphorylase
-occur when cell is in need of ATP

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14
Q

what happens after a meal and btwn meals/during exercise?

A

after: glycogen synthase turned on to store free glucose that was just consumed
btwn/during exercise: glycogen phosphorylase turned on to use break down stored glycogen

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15
Q

glycogenolysis

A

cleavage of terminal glucose from glycogen chain

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16
Q

1 mol of glucose is how many kcals?

1 mol of ATP is how many kcals?

A

glucose: 686
ATP: 7.3

17
Q

how efficient is CHO metab

hoe many total ATP are produced?

A

34%

32 ATP

18
Q

benefits of lactate production

3 of them

A
  • oxidized by heart
  • oxidized by type I fibers
  • converted to glucose in liver
19
Q

drawbacks of lactate production

A
  • decrease pH
  • decrease enxyme activity
  • decrease exericse intensity
20
Q

steps of cori cycle to store lactate as glucose

A
  • veins carry lactate to liver
  • lactate to pyruvate
  • pyuvate to glucose
  • artery carried glucose to SM or stored as glycogen
21
Q

phase 2 of glycolysis

A
  • energy generation

- steps 6-10

22
Q

step 1 of krebs cycle

A

1 NADH+H produced

-pyruvate dehydrogenase

23
Q

step 2 of krebs cycle

A

citrate synthase

24
Q

step 4, 6, and 11 of kreb cycle

A

1 NADH+H produced

25
Q

step 7 of kreb cycle

A

1 ATP produced

26
Q

step 9 of kreb cycle

A
  • succinate dehydrogenase

- 1 FADH2 produced

27
Q

what is electron transport chain resonsible for?

how does it work?

A
  • oxidative phosphorylation
  • transports H ions across inner mito membrane
  • forms a gradient
  • final acceptor is oxygen and H20 is produced
28
Q

how many ATP are produced per glucose molecule

-break down where they are coming from

A

-2 ATP from glycolysis
-2 ATP from CAC
-24 ATP from NADH+H going thru ETC
-2 ATP form FADH2 going thru ETC
TOTAL: 32

29
Q

what molecules are regulators of metabolism

activators and inhibitors

A

activators: stim more metabolism
- ADP and NAD+
inhibitors: slow down metabolims
- ATP and NADH+H

ex phys II (10 decks)

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