Chinese History

Question 1

An Lushan Rebellion

Answer 1

755-757. Rebellion that Shifts Tangs central power…

Question 2

All under Heaven

Answer 2

The whole world…Heavenly investiture of emperor over China

Question 3

Han Ren/

Answer 3

Chinese person. I. e. Not a barbarian from the northern tribes.

Question 4

Antiquity

Answer 4

Concept: The flourishing of sagely rule in harmony with universe in the distant past. How it contrasts to contemporary history and the narrative leading up to it.

Question 5

Guizu/ Aristocratic

Answer 5

Social class w/ privelieges social and political and cash. All hereditary.

Question 6

Barter Economy

Answer 6

They dont have money for trading!

Question 7

Battle of talas River

Answer 7

753 C.e. Abbasid Caliphate vs Tang over Syr Darya region.

Loss and start of slow regression.

Question 8

Bodhisattva

Answer 8

A being who postpones her ultimate enlightenment for saving all sentient beings.

Question 9

Bronze age

Answer 9

Dating 2000-1400 bce, Writing, urbanization, stable hierarchy administering a large area.

Question 10

Cash Tax

Answer 10

The obligation not in grain, 20 m textile and 30 working days for instance.

Question 11

ChangÁn

Answer 11

Capital of Tang, now Xian

Question 12

Confucian Classic 1

Answer 12

Cl. of Poetry aka book of songs and odes

Question 13

Confucian Classics 2

Answer 13

Book of documents

Question 14

Confucian classics 3.

Answer 14

Book of Rites, .

Question 15

Confucian Classic 4.

Answer 15

I Ching Aka the book of change

Question 16

Confucian Classic 5

Answer 16

SPring and Autumn Annals.

Question 17

Confucius

Answer 17

551-479 bce. Chinas first Moral Philosopher!

Question 18

Cosmic Resonance theory. CRT.

Answer 18

. 3rd c. bce+ “stimulus response” “mutual influence between like things”

parrallell Realm of heaven and man interaction.

Question 19

Daoán

Answer 19

Budhist Monk, disc of Fotudeng, Created Chinese Sangha!

Question 20

Fotudeng

Answer 20

(c. 231-349); a Buddhist wizard and teacher in northern China, from Kucha

Question 21

Gongsun Long 公孫龍 （Gōngsūn Lóng）

Answer 21

fl. ca. 300 BCE A member of the School of Names (名家 Míngjiā). He is known for his paradox “A white horse is not a horse.” (白馬非馬 bái mǎ fēi mǎ)

Question 22

Antiquity

Answer 22

literally ancient times; also refers to concept in a view of history that defines some flourishing of sagely rule in harmony with the universe in the distant past, and contrasts the recent history leading up to the historical present accordingly

Question 23

Beijing

Answer 23

lit. “Northern Capital”; known by many names throughout history, including Fanyang (範陽, Fanyang) during the Han Dynasty (漢朝, 206 BCE-220 CE), Tang Dynasty (唐朝, Tang chao, 618-907 CE); Yan (燕, Yan) or Yanjing (燕京, Yanjing) during the Warring States Period (戰國時代, Zhanguo shidai, 475-221 BCE), mid Tang Dynasty (唐朝, Tang chao, 618-907 CE), and Liao Dynasty (遼潮, 907-1125 CE); Zhongdu (中都, Zhongdu) during the Jin Dynasty (金潮, Jin chao, 1115-1234 CE); Dadu (大都, Dadu) during the Yuan Dynasty (元朝, Yuan chao, 1271-1368 CE); and Beiping (北平, Beiping) in the early Ming Dynasty (明朝, Ming chao, 1368-1644 CE) and Republican Period (民國, Minguo, 1912-1949). Located at the northern tip of the North China Plain (華北平原, Huabei pingyuan) and to the northwest of the Bohai Sea (渤海, Bohai)

Question 24

Book of songs

Answer 24

also known as the Book of Odes or the Classic of Poetry, it is considered one of the Five Classics (五經, Wǔjīng) traditionally believed to be composed by Confucius. Scholars have studied and memorized it for two thousand years

Question 25

Celestial Masters

Answer 25

a Daoist religious group that received sacred teachings through revelations and promoted a way to achieve immortality

Question 26

Chakravartan King

Answer 26

ancient Indian concept of an ideal ruler, whose ethical and benevolent rule extends across the universe. In Buddhism and Jainism especially, refers to an enlightened and powerful ruler

Question 27

Daoist Religion

Answer 27

The organized religion of Daoism centered around revelations from the immortals

Question 28

Daoist philosophy 道家 (Dàojiā)

Answer 28

The philosophy of early Daoist thinkers such as Laozi and Zhuangzi

Question 29

Daoist Canon

Answer 29

refers to the hundreds of texts brought together by Daoist monks after the introduction of Buddhism to China as part of the larger attempt to oragnize and institutionalize Daoism as a religion

Question 30

Dao

Answer 30

The Way, The Path

Question 31

Elixir

Answer 31

a drink that can be skillfully taken in order to achieve immortality. i.e. Die and be immortal in another place.

Question 32

Empress Lü 呂后 (Lühou)

Answer 32

241-180 BCE. Empress consort of Liu Bang (Emperor Gāozǔ, 漢高祖, r. 202-195 BCE), became Empress Dowager (皇太后, Huáng tàihòu) with the ascension of her son Emperor Hui (漢惠帝, Hàn Huìdì, r.195-188 BCE) to the throne, then Grand Empress Dowager (太皇太后, Tài huáng tàihòu) with ascension of his successors Liu Gong (Emperor Qiánshǎo, 漢前少帝, r.188-184 BCE) and Liu Hong (Emperor Hòushǎo, 漢後少帝, r.184-180 BCE). As Empress Dowager and Grand Empress Dowager she gained control of the empire and promoted her family’s interests. Because men of imperial lineage were regularly sent out of the capital and kept out of court politics, male relatives of empresses and dowager emperesses often became influential in court

Question 33

Empress Dowager Cixi 慈禧太后 (Cíxǐ tàihòu)

Answer 33

1835 – 1908. A Manchu concubine of the Xianfeng Emperor; when her son became emperor she gained power and unofficially controlled China from 1861 to her death

Question 34

Emptiness

Answer 34

the nature of conditioned reality which lacks a nature of its own; the lack of conditions and desires

Question 35

Feudal System 封建 (fēngjiàn)

Answer 35

here, refers to the system of political and territorial organization term in use during the Zhou Dynasty (周, Zhōu, 1046 BCE-256 BCE). Marked by decentralized rule accomplished via enfoeffment of large hereditary estates to allies and relatives of founding kings of Zhou, creating a polity composed of multiple independent feudal states

Question 36

Yellow River

Answer 36

second longest river in China. Originates in the Bayan Har Mountatins (巴顏喀拉山, Bayankala shan) in Qinghai Province (青海省, Qinghai sheng) and empties into the Bohai Sea (渤海, Bohai)

Question 37

Yin

Answer 37

literally meaning shade; is associated with darkness, night time, females, feminine qualities, weakness, receptiveness, yielding, and negative energy etc.

Question 38

Yang

Answer 38

literally meaning light; is associated with brightness, day time, males, masculine qualities, strength, creativeness, positive energy etc.

Question 39

Wu Zeitan

Answer 39

c. 625-705 CE; r. 690-705 CE. Also known as Wu Zhao (武曌, Wǔ Zhào), Wu Hou (武后, Wǔ Hòu), or Empress Wu. Concubine of Emperor Taizong (太宗, Tàizōng, r. 626-649 CE) and First Consort (夫人, fūrén) of Emperor Gaozong (高宗, Gāozōng, r. 626-649 CE). Usurped the throne after Emperor Gaozong’s debilitation in 660 and and proclaimed the ‘Zhou Dynasty’ (周, Zhōu, 690-705 CE), ruling as sovereign – the first female to do so in Chinese history – until her removal and death in 705 CE

Question 40

Theravada Buddhism

Answer 40

A form of Buddhism common to south and southeast Asia in which individual salvation through nirvana is emphasized; this is usually seen as a precursor to Mahayana Buddhism, and sometimes disparagingly called the “Lesser Vehicle”

Question 41

“Preface to the Poems Composed at the Orchid Pavilion”

Answer 41

also known as the “Preface to the Gathering at the Orchid Pavilion (蘭亭集序, Lántíngjí xù).” Composed in 353 CE by Wang Xizhi (王羲之 Wáng Xīzhī) to commemorate a poetry and drinking gathering of literary figures; a masterpiece of calligraphic and literary improvisation in which Wang pioneered running script (行書, xíngshū), as well as one of the most collected and copied pieces in Chinese art history