China Policy, Spanish-American War, Roosevelt, Cuba & Phillipines, Imperialism

Question 1

China

Answer 1

Opium War (British introduced- weakened China)
TR realized the US position in the east was weak (called Philippines “Achilles heel”)
Partitioned
Sphere of influence, open door, John hay, Sino

Question 2

Partitioned

Answer 2

Divided among strong powers

Question 3

Sino

Answer 3

Japanese War (Japan got Korea)

Question 4

Boxer Rebellion

Answer 4

Foreign countries debated over control of China
China secret society (called boxers- name given by westerners) wanted to get all foreigners out of China
False story printed in America saying westerners planned to destroy Chinese monument
Fighting began and boxers secretly received helped from Chinese government- killed over 200 foreigners in Peking and Beijing
Boxer Protocol- must apologize formally and reimburse
Hay sent second notes in hope to prevent war

Question 5

Russo-Japanese war 1904

Answer 5

1893 Japan established a protectorate of Korea and obtained other islands off China coast
Japan had an eye on Manchuria (rich resources) but Russia already established
Russia wanted to move into Korea
Japan won on land/sea against Russia
Japan secretly asked Roosevelt to get involved (Nobel peace prize)

Question 6

Treaty of Portsmouth, New Hampshire

Answer 6

August 1905
Treaty ending the Russian Japanese war
Roosevelt introduced indemnity (payment of damages)
Roosevelt was an arbitrator and suggest Russia give up half of Sakhalin
Japan took over Russian interested in Manchuria

Question 7

Sphere of Influence

Answer 7

Foreign countries enjoy special rights; powers in another’s country

Question 8

John hay

Answer 8

US Secretary of State - wanted all nations to have equal access to trade in China
Open door policy- unrestricted trade with China

Question 9

Three reasons for US expansion

Answer 9

Economic, military, spreading culture

Question 10

Economical reasons for US expansion

Answer 10

Colonies were great new markets for our American products
Colonies provided a source of cheap raw materials like lumber, cotton, sugar, bananas, etc.

Question 11

Military reasons for US expansion

Answer 11

Colonies served as military installations to station American soldiers and places for our armed forces to refuel and rest
Allowed America to extend its military control of the Western Hemisphere over a greater area

Question 12

Spreading our culture reasons for US expansion

Answer 12

Spread democratic ideas overseas
Spread Christianity around the world
Spread American culture around the world (ie coke, McDonald’s, American idol, films, etc)

Question 13

expansionism

Answer 13

Policy of expanding a nations territory or economic influence
Roosevelt allied himself with expansionists (people wanted to extend nations power)

Question 14

Why were people against expansionism?

Answer 14

1) against American principles
2) revolutions
3) racism

Question 15

Alaska

Answer 15

William Seward purchases Alaska for 2 cents an acre
7.2 million dollars with Russia. Was ridiculed ar first but in late 1890s began to seem like a wise purchas.

Question 16

Hawaii

Answer 16

Trade made United States interested in Hawaii
1820 first missionaries (people who converted foreigners Christian) arrived, created schools, introduced alphabet and bible
Naval base: Pearl Harbor refueling
Sugar: US no tariff favoring Hawaiian sugar leads to annexation
Queen Lili: last hawaiian monarch, forced to give up her throne

Question 17

annexation

Answer 17

president Grover Cleveland was against t

Question 18

Protectorate

Answer 18

State that is controlled & protected by another

Question 19

Territory

Answer 19

region of US not admitted to the union as a state but having own legislature

Question 20

Japan

Answer 20

Long isolated from the west
President Fillmore sent Perry to trade with Japan
Treaty of Kanagawa: Japan opened 2 ports

Question 21

Gentlemens agreement

Answer 21

1907- redistributed Japanese immigrants and unsegregted Japanese school children

Question 22

Foreign policy

Answer 22

A governments strategy to deal with other nations

Question 23

Isolationism

Answer 23

A type of foreign policy: Noninvolvement in affairs of other nations

Question 24

Collective security

Answer 24

A form of foreign policy: working with other countries to try to prevent war

Question 25

Internationalism

Answer 25

A form of foreign policy: the principle of cooperation among nations, for the promotion of the common good

Question 26

Imperialism

Answer 26

A type of foreign policy: spreading the rule of one country over another country / taking control of a less powerful country

Question 27

Cultural imperialism

Answer 27

A countries culture impacting another country’s culture

Question 28

Colonial imperialism

Answer 28

A country taking over another country’s land, usually by force

Question 29

Economic imperialism

Answer 29

A country controlling key aspects of another country’s economy

Question 30

Political imperialism

Answer 30

One country influencing the government of another country

Question 31

Background of American imperialism

Answer 31

Monroe Doctrine- 1823 by president James Monroe, warned European nations to not get involved in political matters in central and South America, on the U.S. can influence
Manifest destiny- a belief that US is destined by god to expand, spread democracy across entirety of North America

Question 32

Jose Marti

Answer 32

Cuban Rebel Leader. Fled to the US to gather money, arms, and troops. In 1895 Marti returned to his people to lead the, in a revolt.

Question 33

Rough Riders

Answer 33

Group of athletes, cowboys, etc. led by Roosevelt during the Spanish-American war
Joined the battle of San Juan hill on July 1.

Question 34

Buffalo soldiers

Answer 34

All black regiment, very instrumental to winning in Cuba

Question 35

San Juan Hill

Answer 35

A battle in the Spanish-American war where the Rough Riders led America to win
Two days after America captured San Juan hill, the soanish fleet attempted to break out of Santiago. A four hour battle left the Spanish fleet completely destroyed. Spanish resistance in Cuba was ended.

Question 36

Platt Amendment / Agreement

Answer 36

1903, after war was won and US owned Cuba
1. Cuba could not enter an alliance with other countries
2. US could intervene Cuban affairs
3. Cuba must lease Guantanamo bay as a navy station for US
4. Cuba cannot be in debt

Question 37

Admiral Dewey

Answer 37

Head of navy during taking over Philippines, immediately sent by Roosevelt from China to Manila (capital of phillipines) once war began

Question 38

Manila Bay

Answer 38

7 hour Spanish fleet destroyed capital of Phillipines

Question 39

Emilio Aguanaleo

Answer 39

Filipino who fought for the US to get Spain but is not against the US because they are trying to get his country. He gained Phillipnes independence in 1946

Question 40

Treaty of Paris of 1898

Answer 40

OF 1898.
1. Cuba is a protectorate free from Spain
2. Spain gives up Puerto Rico to Guatemala
3. US gives Spain $20 million for the Phillipines
Shows we are becoming on imperial power

Question 41

July 4th

Answer 41

Filipino independence

Question 42

Great white fleet

Answer 42

(1907) 16 steel-hulled battleships circumnavigated the globe as a token of American Power
Alfred T. Mahan, president of Naval War College
The American Navy rose from 12th to 3rd most powerful
The standing army rises to 130,000 men
Roosevelt wanted a strong global presence, and it clearly worked
Expanding the navy had begun in 1883

Question 43

US interventions on Latin America (years)

Answer 43

1898 - 1920s

Question 44

Panama Canal

Answer 44

Roosevelt wanted to connect Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.

Question 45

Steps to acquire Panama Canal

Answer 45

1. French leased government of Colombia
2. US bought lease from France for 40 million
3. US agreed a 99 year lease, 250k a year
4. Colombians reject the treaty (they own Panama)
5. US encourages panama to revolt against Colombia
6. Panama becomes Independent
7. US makes treaty with Panama and builds the canal

Question 46

TR background

Answer 46

“Accidental Presidency”
Elected after McKinley death in 1901. 42 and youngest president

Question 47

Death of McKinley

Answer 47

Shot by Leon Csolgosz on September 6, 1901
Leon Csolgosz was an anarchist who opposed any and all forms of governement.
McKinley was shot at a public appearing in Buffalo, NY.
Csolgosz’ body was disintegrated in under 12 hours

Question 48

Teddy Roosevelt’s foreign policy

Answer 48

1901-1913
Big Stick Diplomacy

Question 49

Big Stick Diplomacy

Answer 49

A strong executive: US should play role consistent with size and wealth
Based on a west African proverb
Proceed with caution and approachableness but always be prepared to have to swing a big stick

Question 50

Roosevelt Corollary

Answer 50

Message to EU countries regarding West Hemisphere
Monroe Doctrine: defensive (here’s what you wont do)
Roosevelt Corollary: offensive (here’s what we will do)
Roosevelt promised America would financially watch over Latin America to maintain Western Hemisphere peace

Question 51

What did the US do after they signed the Treaty of Paris 1898

Answer 51

They made plans for the Filipino government, since they believed Filipinos lacked political or administrative experience. This was different than what the Filipinos expected to happen. They ran the government in intentions of a period of political development. There was also a lot of self-interest regarding economical and political imperialism. The Filipinos felt outraged.

Question 52

commodore Matthew Perry

Answer 52

short on a mission to Japan by President Millard Fillmore. Steamed into Tokyo Bay with four water ships. Warships and asked the Japanese to open ports for US ships.

Question 53

treaty of Kanagawa

Answer 53

1854, Matthew Perry and Japan agreed to open 2 ports to American ships . Created a period of US-Japan trade.

Question 54

What drove imperialism

Answer 54

The search for materials and markets, especially raw materials from Asia and Africa

Question 55

William H. Seward

Answer 55

supported annexation to rank in the worlds greatest powers. He pictured an American e,pire Thar dominated the Caribbean, Central America, and the pacific. He also imagined a canal across Central America linking the Atlantic and pacific Oceanside. Thriving railroad systems, and rapid telegraph communication.

Question 56

Josiah Strong

Answer 56

A congregational minister who proposed an “imperialism of righteousness” with Americans bring their religion and culture to Africa, Asia, and Latin America.

Question 57

Pam American Union

Answer 57

A union between the US and Latin America that allowed them to share information among member nations.

Question 58

Steps for Hawaii

Answer 58

In 1867 Seward acquired the two small pacific islands of midway. He thought these islands would serve as an important stopping place for American ships en route to China. Although there weren’t enough islands.
Hawaii was exactly what they needed. In the 1790s Americans had begun trading. In 1820 the missionaries arrived. In the 1830s, the us introduced sugarcane. They bought land to grow the sugarcane. They gradually took over most of the land. They also influenced politics, seeing as advisers to the ruling family. In 1875 the United States allowed Hawaiian sugar to enter the country without tariffs. In 1887 a naval base at pearl harbor was built. In the early 1890s, congress brought back the hawaiian sugar tariff. The planters plotted a way to avoid new tariff, and they decided they should make Hawaii a territory of the US.in 1891 the queen came to the throne. Swith he wanted hawaii to regain their economic control and took away powers that the American sugar planters held. In response, white planters overthrew her, and set up their own temporary (provisional) government in 1893..John stevens, a white man who helped in the uprising, recognized the government and sent a treaty of annexation to Washington. President Harrison signed the treaty and sent to the senate. Problem is, Harrison left office before the senate could ratify the treaty. Grover Cleveland, the new president withdrew the treaty. In 1898, congress ended up approving the treaty when William McKinley took over office. In 1900 Hawaii was officially US territory.

Question 59

Samoa Islands

Answer 59

The Samoa islands were directly on the trade route linking Australia and the US. In the 1830s, missionaries landed and started to convert the people Christian. In 1878 Samoa agreed to give Americans trading rights and permission to build a naval station in Pago Pago. In the 1880s, Great Britain, Germany, and the U.S. were competing for Samoan power. In 1899 all three countries met in Berlin and decided to divide up the islands without consulting the Samoans. Germany and the US split Samoa, while Great Britain withdrew and took other pacific islands.. the US then annexed their half of Samoa.

Question 60

China and the open door

Answer 60

The US knew China couldn’t resist foreign powers. By the late 1890s, Japan and the leading European Powers had carved out spheres of influence in China, sections of the country where each of the foreign nations enjoyed specials rights. Secretary of State John Hay wanted to expand American trading. Hay proposed an open door policy where each foreign nation in China could trade freely in the other nations spheres of influence.

Question 61

Boxer Rebellion

Answer 61

In late 1899 a Chinese martial arts society known as the boxers led a violent uprising against the “foreign dwellers” in China. Many died and for 2 months many were trapped in Beijing. In august 1900, foreign troops broke the siege and defeated the boxers. After that came a second open door proposal, which stressed the importance of maintaining chinas independence. Alarmed by the rebellion, everybody accept Hay’s second open door policy.

Question 62

Japan

Answer 62

Japan began to ignore the open door policy proposed by John hay. It’s actions led to war with Russia and US conflict. In 1900 Japan and Russia fought over manuchuria, a Chinese province. By 1905, Both countries were exhausted, and were eager to make peace.

Question 63

Treaty of Portsmouth

Answer 63

President Roosevelt met with Japanese and Russian leaders in Portsmouth during 1905. Japan and Russia signed the treaty of Portsmouth, recognizing Joan as control of Korea, in return for a pledge by Japan to stop its expansion. A balance of power in Asia was not maintained kingly japans navy became the strongest, and challenged rhe United States for influence in the region. In 1906 Japanese kids had been put in spereate schools, although an 1894 treaty had promised Japanese living would be well. Rooseveltt forced the San friancisoc board to change its policies, and Japan consented to an agreement restricting emigration. Then Japan resented it, and the relationship worsened. In 1907 Roosevelt sent the great white fleet to show the US naval power, which highly impressed the Japanese. By 1909 most Japanese and us differences were solved.

Question 64

Reasons the US helped Cuba

Answer 64

1. Government leaders were concerned about a rebellion so close the United States.
   2m Americans were horrified by the atrocities against Cuban citizens
2. The American press including Joseph Plutizer’s World and William Randolph Heart’s Journal, tried to outdo eachother with shocking reports. They were using yellow journalism— an over exaggerated, but still mainky true version of something.
3. “Remember the maine”

Question 65

“Remember the Maine”

Answer 65

After rioting broke out in Havana in 1898, McKinley sent the battleship Maine to protect American citizens and property. On February 15, an enormous explosion shattered the Maine, killing 260 officers and crew members. America blamed the Spanish using the slogan “remember the Maine”. Americans clamored for war with Spain. McKinkey sent a strong note demanding to stop brutality against Cubans to Spain. The Spanish agreed to some, but not enough the of the note. On April 25, at was declared.

Question 66

War in the Phillipines

Answer 66

In Feb 1898, Assistant Secretary of the Navy Theodore Roosevelt had wired Commodore George Dewey to prepare for action in the Phillipines. On May 1, a surprise attack on the Spanish Fleet in Manila Bay destroyed almost all of their ships. American troops arrived in July. Filipino Rebels led by Emilio Aguinadlo helped America capture Manila. America seized the main island of Kuzon, declared independence, and created a democratic republic. But the US took over their government.

Question 67

Fighting in Cuba

Answer 67

A Spanish fleet entered Santiago, In the Caribbean, on May 19. An American force blockaded them, and a land force of 17000 soldiers landed near Santiago.

Question 68

Puerto Rico.

Answer 68

American troops quickly landed in Puerto Rico. Them taking over Puerto Rico. This caused the Spanish to sign an armistice- a oeace agreement ending the war.

Question 69

“A splendid little war”

Answer 69

John Hay had called the war a “splendid little war.” It was 4 months and 40l Americans were killed or died from wounds. More than 2000 Americans had died from from diseases. African American who sssrved faced discrimination. They had fought with whites side by side, so why can’t they now?

Question 70

Puerto Rico’s new government

Answer 70

In 1900 the US set up a new government under the Foraker Acf, the American govt. controlled the new administration. In 1917 the Jones Act made Puerto Rico a territory of the US.

Question 71

Acquiring the Phillipines

Answer 71

In 1890s anti-imperialists opposed rhe American enthusiasm for foreign expansion and the Spanish American war. Carl Schulz, Qandrew Carnegie, and Mark Twain became anti-imperialists. The imperialists won. In 1899 the treaty of Paris was ratified. In 1899 Emilio Aguinaldos forces began a fight for independence.de 4000 Americans died but 200,000 Filipinos died. Aguinaldo was captured in 1901 and soldiers surrendered.

Question 72

Dollar Diplomacy

Answer 72

Theirodre roosevelt thought of American power mainly in military terms. William Taft had a difffeent view. He hoped to modify American foreign policy by “substituting dollars for bulls to”. Taft was willing to intervene in other nations when US business was threatened, this led to American investments in Latin America growing in the 1900s. Railroads, roads, and harbors were built, stimulating trade and bringing benefits to Latin America and the u tied states.

Question 73

Boxer Protocol

Answer 73

Boxers must formally apologize

Question 74

De Lomé Letter

Answer 74

De Lome was a Spanish Ambassador to the US. His letter to the president of Spain was leaked and basically talked about how awful McKinley was as a president.

Question 75

McKinley’s campaign platform

Answer 75

The McKinley campaign had decided upon a strategy: appeal to labor and established farmers.

Question 76

“The Butcher”

Answer 76

the Spanish sent the infamous General Weyler, known as “The Butcher,” to Cuba to put down the insurrection. Weyler lived up to his name. To prevent the insurrectos from leading the population against Spanish rule, Weyler built concentration camps in which he imprisoned a large portion of the population.

Question 77

Wilson’s moral diplomacy

Answer 77

Only supporting countries that have the same views as your country.