China Booklet 4: Relations Betwen The PRC And USSR 1958-60 Flashcards
How did Russia benefit China before 1958?
Russian agents helped to set up the CCP, prior to military aid, $300 million in loans,
Why May relations between USSR and the PRC not have been good before 1958?
Maoism was different to communism, Russians didn’t help the CCP when GMD attacked them, 1 million Chinese soldiers were in Korea
What did new Russian leader Khrushchev do in 1956?
His secret speech - announced the de-stalinisation of Russia, also believed in peaceful co-existence with capitalism for the current time
Why did Khrushchev’s secret speech upset Mao?
He believed he wasn’t the right communist leader, wasn’t informed about the speech, didn’t agree with peaceful co-existence, showed a lack of support from the USSR against USA
What did Russians demand in 1958?
Joint Pacific Fleet,Longwave radio stations in China
Why did Russians demand in 1958 upset Mao?
Pacific fleet - upset Mao as Khrushchev wanted Russian officers to lead, Radio Stations - Mao was worried it was an attempt for Russia to spy on China
What was the Taiwan crisis of 1958?
CCP bombed GMD controlled Taiwan
Why did the Russians dislike Maos actions in the Taiwan crisis in 1958?
It went against their advice - showed Mao couldn’t be trusted
Why did the Taiwan Crisis backfire on Mao?
USSR don’t want to give Mao nukes as they viewed him as reckless
What was the overall of USSR and PRC relations between 1958-1960?
They had began to deteriorate
What did Mao do between 1958-63, and what did it establish?
The 2nd 5 year plan, establishment of communism
What occurred at the Lushan Conference?
Mao accused Russians of trying to overthrow him and get Peng in power
When did Russia withdraw economic support from China?
1960
What did Mao create showing his absolute power in China?
Little red book - Mao’s ideologies that all Chinese should follow
What is an example of an and Khrushchev having a personal disliking to each other?
Khrushchev called Mao an ‘Asian hitler’, Mao called Khrushchev an ‘old boot’
What occurred in Xinjiang due to Mao’s failure of the 2nd 5 year plan?
70,000 Chinese migrated to USSR due to the Great Famine
What did Mao accused USSR of doing due to migration?
Trying to detach Xinjiang from China
Who did China spark an alliance with, and what were the benefits of this?
Albania - other disagreed with USSR and were against the idea of peaceful co-existence - this gave China a European ally
What war occured in 1962, and what was the reason?
Sino-Indian War, India felt uneasy as China had a strong military presence in Tibet which was along their border
Why did China engage in warfare in 1962?
Tried to change the border to benefit them
What occurred in Tibet in the 1950s and 60s?
Tibetan genocide
How many Tibetans died from famine between 1959-67?
1 million
What actions were Chinese doing in Tibet?
Execution for religious intolerance, forced Tibet into the PRC, can be shown by the Reign of Terror (1951) where China annexed Tibet
What occured in Tibet in 1950 showing Mao’s recklessness?
Reunification campaign, 60,000 Tibetan fighter were defeated as China took control of Tibet
How did the Sino-Indian War cause tensions between China and UsSR to rise further?
USSR ignored China’s requests for troops, instead aided India - Khrushchev called Mao incompetent
Why were there nuclear issues causing tensions to rise between USSR and China?
Mao wanted the USSR to nuke USA, USSR refused and also didn’t let China gain access to nukes due to fears of Mao!s recklessness
What did the 1963 nuclear test ban treaty mean for China?
Couldn’t get access to nukes as didn’t have them already
When did China finally gain access to nukes?
1964, claimed to have used old Russian blueprints
What major power shift occurred in Russian in 1964?
Brezhnev replaced Khrushchev, gave Mao hope of building new relations
What occurred in the Malinovsky affair, and what impact did this have?
Russian general stated China should get rid of their old fool Mao as Russia had done - increased paranoia for Mao and worsened relations
Definition of Great Power Chauvinism
Mao’s idea that the Great Powers (e.g. USA, Britain, USSR etc.) excluded China from becoming a rising power and having the same rights as them.
Why did the Cuban missile crisis of 1962 upset China?
Cuba would get nuclear missiles (located there by USSR vs USA), but not China. Khrushchev backed down to USA
What did Soviet Foreign Secretary Marshall Malinovsky say in 1964 that fed Mao’s paranoia of a coup?
We have removed our fool Khrushchev, you should remove your fool Mao
What occurred in China between 1958-62?
2nd 5 year plan - lead to Great Famine
