China Booklet 4: Relations Betwen The PRC And USSR 1958-60

Question 1

How did Russia benefit China before 1958?

Answer 1

Russian agents helped to set up the CCP, prior to military aid, $300 million in loans,

Question 2

Why May relations between USSR and the PRC not have been good before 1958?

Answer 2

Maoism was different to communism, Russians didn’t help the CCP when GMD attacked them, 1 million Chinese soldiers were in Korea

Question 3

What did new Russian leader Khrushchev do in 1956?

Answer 3

His secret speech - announced the de-stalinisation of Russia, also believed in peaceful co-existence with capitalism for the current time

Question 4

Why did Khrushchev’s secret speech upset Mao?

Answer 4

He believed he wasn’t the right communist leader, wasn’t informed about the speech, didn’t agree with peaceful co-existence, showed a lack of support from the USSR against USA

Question 5

What did Russians demand in 1958?

Answer 5

Joint Pacific Fleet,Longwave radio stations in China

Question 6

Why did Russians demand in 1958 upset Mao?

Answer 6

Pacific fleet - upset Mao as Khrushchev wanted Russian officers to lead, Radio Stations - Mao was worried it was an attempt for Russia to spy on China

Question 7

What was the Taiwan crisis of 1958?

Answer 7

CCP bombed GMD controlled Taiwan

Question 8

Why did the Russians dislike Maos actions in the Taiwan crisis in 1958?

Answer 8

It went against their advice - showed Mao couldn’t be trusted

Question 9

Why did the Taiwan Crisis backfire on Mao?

Answer 9

USSR don’t want to give Mao nukes as they viewed him as reckless

Question 10

What was the overall of USSR and PRC relations between 1958-1960?

Answer 10

They had began to deteriorate

Question 11

What did Mao do between 1958-63, and what did it establish?

Answer 11

The 2nd 5 year plan, establishment of communism

Question 12

What occurred at the Lushan Conference?

Answer 12

Mao accused Russians of trying to overthrow him and get Peng in power

Question 13

When did Russia withdraw economic support from China?

Answer 13

1960

Question 14

What did Mao create showing his absolute power in China?

Answer 14

Little red book - Mao’s ideologies that all Chinese should follow

Question 15

What is an example of an and Khrushchev having a personal disliking to each other?

Answer 15

Khrushchev called Mao an ‘Asian hitler’, Mao called Khrushchev an ‘old boot’

Question 16

What occurred in Xinjiang due to Mao’s failure of the 2nd 5 year plan?

Answer 16

70,000 Chinese migrated to USSR due to the Great Famine

Question 17

What did Mao accused USSR of doing due to migration?

Answer 17

Trying to detach Xinjiang from China

Question 18

Who did China spark an alliance with, and what were the benefits of this?

Answer 18

Albania - other disagreed with USSR and were against the idea of peaceful co-existence - this gave China a European ally

Question 19

What war occured in 1962, and what was the reason?

Answer 19

Sino-Indian War, India felt uneasy as China had a strong military presence in Tibet which was along their border

Question 20

Why did China engage in warfare in 1962?

Answer 20

Tried to change the border to benefit them

Question 21

What occurred in Tibet in the 1950s and 60s?

Answer 21

Tibetan genocide

Question 22

How many Tibetans died from famine between 1959-67?

Answer 22

1 million

Question 23

What actions were Chinese doing in Tibet?

Answer 23

Execution for religious intolerance, forced Tibet into the PRC, can be shown by the Reign of Terror (1951) where China annexed Tibet

Question 24

What occured in Tibet in 1950 showing Mao’s recklessness?

Answer 24

Reunification campaign, 60,000 Tibetan fighter were defeated as China took control of Tibet

Question 25

How did the Sino-Indian War cause tensions between China and UsSR to rise further?

Answer 25

USSR ignored China’s requests for troops, instead aided India - Khrushchev called Mao incompetent

Question 26

Why were there nuclear issues causing tensions to rise between USSR and China?

Answer 26

Mao wanted the USSR to nuke USA, USSR refused and also didn’t let China gain access to nukes due to fears of Mao!s recklessness

Question 27

What did the 1963 nuclear test ban treaty mean for China?

Answer 27

Couldn’t get access to nukes as didn’t have them already

Question 28

When did China finally gain access to nukes?

Answer 28

1964, claimed to have used old Russian blueprints

Question 29

What major power shift occurred in Russian in 1964?

Answer 29

Brezhnev replaced Khrushchev, gave Mao hope of building new relations

Question 30

What occurred in the Malinovsky affair, and what impact did this have?

Answer 30

Russian general stated China should get rid of their old fool Mao as Russia had done - increased paranoia for Mao and worsened relations

Question 31

Definition of Great Power Chauvinism

Answer 31

Mao’s idea that the Great Powers (e.g. USA, Britain, USSR etc.) excluded China from becoming a rising power and having the same rights as them.

Question 32

Why did the Cuban missile crisis of 1962 upset China?

Answer 32

Cuba would get nuclear missiles (located there by USSR vs USA), but not China. Khrushchev backed down to USA

Question 33

What did Soviet Foreign Secretary Marshall Malinovsky say in 1964 that fed Mao’s paranoia of a coup?

Answer 33

We have removed our fool Khrushchev, you should remove your fool Mao

Question 34

What occurred in China between 1958-62?

Answer 34

2nd 5 year plan - lead to Great Famine