China Booklet 2 - Long Term Results Of The First Sino Japanese War (1894-95) Flashcards
What were the 3 main long-term impacts of Sino-Japanese War?
Boxer rebellion,fall of Qing, Scramble for China
What did France gain from the scramble for China?
1895 - Vietnam now a French protectorate
1897 - Areas in south-west China and rights to build a railway joining Indochina to mainland China
Social impacts on China due to increased French control following the Scramble for China?
China lose areas of influence
Political impacts on China of increased French control due to the Scramble for China?
Threat to the monarchy due to French democratic views
Economic impacts on China of increased French influence after the scramble for China?
French investment so it improves
What did Russia gain in the Scramble for China?
1896 - Trans Siberian Railway
1898 - 25 year lease of Port Arthurn
Social impact on China of increased Russian influence after the scramble for China?
Railway joining Russia to China
Political impacts on China of increased Russian influence after the Scramble for China?
Influence in the Liaodong peninsula, oppress Japan
Economic impacts on China of increased Russian influence following the scramble for China?
Improves
What did Germany gain from the Scramble for China?
1897 - Shandong Peninsula + naval base, 99 yr lease on Jiazhou bay, mining rights in NE China
Social impacts on China of increased German influence following the scramble for China?
Increased religion influence due to Catholic missionaries
Political impacts on China due to increased German influence after the scramble for China?
Militarism spreads through China
Economic impacts on China of increased German influence following the scramble for China?
Fund Germany’s military improvements
What did Britain gain from the Scramble for China?
1896- Port Wiehaiwei, Kowloon Peninsula, Yangtze Valley
1898- 99 year lease on Hong Kong
Social impacts on China of increased British influence following the scramble for China?
Yangtze loses Chinese nationalist feeling
Political impacts on China of increased British influence following the scramble for China
Increased number of British areas within China meant they wanted to keep the government stable
Economic impacts on China of increased British influence after the scramble for China?
Jobs to Chinese entrepreneurs + Britain infiltrate China
Why did Britain not support the Scramble for China as much as other countries?
Britain already had influence in China since 1842, so increased foreign influence had a negative impact on their trade interests
Main causes for the Boxer rebellion?
Cixi oppression of Guangxu reform, scramble for China increased anti-foreign feeling, economic distress
What was Gunagxu’s reform?
1897- 100 days of reform
How did boxers spread up anti-foreign feeling?
Argued they were impenetrable by foreign bullets
What did Boxer attacks target?
Western infrastructure
Which embassy was first attacked by the boxers?
German embassy - German ambassador killed after 3 days of fighting
Why did boxers target the German embassy?
Mainly German missionaries spreading Catholic
Why did Cixi fail to stop the boxers?
Ignored calls from foreigners because she thought it was a foreign coup to get Guangxu back on the throne
How were the boxer rebellions stopped?
9 nations swept through Beijing, able to defeat Cixi and boxers, largely due to increased foreign strength and regional governors refusing to send banner armies to help
Where did Cixi fled to after failure of the Boxer rebellion?
Xian
What were the short-term results of the failure of the Boxer Rebellion 1901?
Boxer Protocol - $450 million reparations, arsenal/forts destroyed, permanent foreign troops in Beijing
What were the long-term results of the failure of the Boxer Rebellion 1901?
Increased economic stress (450 million taels), increased foreign influence, loss of trust for Qing government
What occurred between 1901-1908 which caused downfall of the Qing Dynasty?
The Qing used High interest Western loans to attempt to repay war guilt, which led to increased taxation which upset the people
What major event occurred in 1908 which weakened the Qing dynasty?
Cixi dies and Guangxu dies, 2 year old Puyi becomes emperor
What uprising occurred in 1911?
Wuchang Uprisings - troops in Wuhan disobeyed government orders to suppress revolutions, sparked political revolutions
What were the results of the Wuchang uprising in 1911?
By late November, all but 3 provinces declared themselves independent of Beijing
What final event in 1911 marked the end of the Qing Dynasty?
Ultimatum offered by Yuan Shikai to Qing - abdicate or be overthrown by force
What were the 100 days of reform?
1898 - 103-day national cultural, political, and educational reform movement to modernise China. (Emperor Guangxu)
The Boxers lay siege to Beijing for 55 days - how were they finally defeated?
Cixi did not get support from regional banner armies, imperial force was week, western troops (9 nations) swept through Tianjin, Dagu forts and took Beijing.
Why did the young emperor not abdicate to Sun-Yat Sen?
Yuan Shikai, military general, was the one given an audience with the court and the decree mentions him. Sun Yatsen felt a military general could take control of the uprisings, Yuan supported the uprisings and committed himself to the new republic.
