China booklet 1 - Pre 1860 Context Flashcards
Who ruled the Chinese empire until 1911?
Qing Dynasty
What is the Mandate of Heaven?
The state of the country determines whose in hold of the power I.e floods mean bad emperor
What system did China have in place for foreign powers pre 1860?
Canton system, 13 private foreign traders legally allowed to trade in China
What was the occupation of 80-90% of Chinese before 1860?
Subsistence farmers
What caused the First Opium War 1839-42?
British private traders illegally supplying opium to China
What were the consequences these private traders were creating?
Mass Opium addiction within China
How did China deal with the traders?
Imprisoned them and held them under Chinese law
How did the British respond in the First Opium war?
Sent 16 warships and 4000 troops
What was the result of the first opium war, and why?
Brits superior technology and navy meant they were able to defeat China easily
What were the results for the British in China following the first opium war?
5 treaty ports, abolishment of Canton system, $21 million reparations, Hong Kong given to Britain, release of all British prisoners, extraterritoriality
What where the results for Chinese from the First Opium war?
Increase anti-British feeling, resentment of extraterritoriality, reliance on Britain
How did the first opium war encourage other foreign involvement in China, with examples
Treaty ports ( 50 by 1900), unequal treaties, foreign factories, tonwenguan
What was the tonwenguan?
Foreign language schools within China
Who was Confucius?
5th Century scholar whose idea of accepting fate inspired many Chinese beliefs
Why was the Canton System good for the Imperial Government?
Gained funds from taxes, kept foreigners in Canton, controlled movement of goods within China
