Children's Health and Health Promotion Flashcards
what is health promotion?
any planned activity designed to enhance health or prevent disease
what is health affected by?
genetics
access
environment
lifestyle
name 3 theories of health promotion
educational
socioeconomic
psychological
health promotion theories: educational
Provides knowledge and education to enable necessary skills to rate informed choices re health – may be menone –to-one group workshop
e.g. smoking, diet, diabetes
health promotion theories: socioeconomic
Makes healthy choice the easy choice’
National policies e.g. re unemployment, redistribute income.
health promotion theories: psychological
Complex relationship between behaviour, knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. Activities start from an individual attitude to health and readiness to change. Emphasis on whether individual is ready to change. (e.g. smoking, alcohol).
define health promotion
an overarching principle/activity which enhances health and includes disease prevention, health education and health protection. It may be planned or opportunistic.
define health education
an activity involving communication with individuals or groups aimed at changing knowledge, beliefs, attitudes and behaviour in a direction which is conducive to improvements in health.
define health protection
involves collective activities directed at factors which are beyond the control of the individual. Health protection activities tend to be regulations or policies, or voluntary codes of practice aimed at the prevention of ill health or the positive enhancement of well-being.
what is empowerment?
Empowerment refers to the generation of power in those individuals and groups which previously considered themselves to be unable to control situations nor act on the basis of their choices.
benefits of empowerment
An ability to resist social pressure.
An ability to utilise effective coping strategies when faced by an unhealthy environment.
A heightened consciousness of action.
An ability to resist social pressure.
An ability to utilise effective coping strategies when faced by an unhealthy environment.
A heightened consciousness of action.
challenges to successful health promotion
Many doctors are cynical about planned health promotion and question if the resources allocated to it are money well spent.
It is worth noting that the majority of health activities in secondary and primary care have never been adequately evaluated.
In response the UK government has set up the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) to review evidence and develop appropriate guidelines to practice.
describe the cycle of change
precontemplation contemplation action maintenance relapse
examples of health promotion: primary care planned
posters
chronic disease clinics
vaccinations
QOF
examples of health promotion: primary care opportunistic
advice within surgery, smoking, diet, taking BP
examples of health promotion: government legislation
legal age limits smoking ban health and safety clean air act highway code
examples of health promotion: government economic
tax on cigarettes and alcohol
examples of health promotion: government education
HEBS
what is primary prevention?
Measures taken to prevent onset of illness or injury
Reduces probability, severity
e.g. Smoking Cessation or Immunisation
what is secondary prevention
“Detection of a disease at an early (preclinical) stage in order to cure, prevent, or lessen symptomatology” –
Earliest opportunity is when a disease becomes evident or detectable. Ends when disease becomes symptomatic.
Wilson’s criteria for screenign
Illness – important, natural history understood, pre-symptomatic stage
Test – easy, acceptable, cost effective, sensitive and specific
Treatment – acceptable, cost effective, better if early
what is tertiary prevention?
“measures to limit distress or disability caused by disease” e.g. OA, motor neurone disease eg OT physio care manager
Relate to patient visits, QOF, (remember that secondary prevention of MI etc relates to tertiary prevention
Patient interview
establishment of a healthy lifestyle
Growth and development fuelled by food
Scotland has the highest incidence of premature death due to heart disease
High saturated fats and low fruit and veg are important factors in this
role of parenting in life long health
Habits and lifestyles established in adolescence
Smoking is more than twice as likely if your parents smoke
Neglect and abuse recur.
children exercise recommendation
NHS Guidelines for teens suggest at least 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous exercise daily for teenagers.
children sleep recommendation
NHS Guidelines for teens suggest at least 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous exercise daily for teenagers.
