Children's Health and Health Promotion

Question 1

what is health promotion?

Answer 1

any planned activity designed to enhance health or prevent disease

Question 2

what is health affected by?

Answer 2

genetics
access
environment
lifestyle

Question 3

name 3 theories of health promotion

Answer 3

educational
socioeconomic
psychological

Question 4

health promotion theories: educational

Answer 4

Provides knowledge and education to enable necessary skills to rate informed choices re health – may be menone –to-one group workshop
​ ​e.g. smoking, diet, diabetes

Question 5

health promotion theories: socioeconomic

Answer 5

Makes healthy choice the easy choice’

National policies e.g. re unemployment, redistribute income.

Question 6

health promotion theories: psychological

Answer 6

Complex relationship between behaviour, knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. Activities start from an individual attitude to health and readiness to change. Emphasis on whether individual is ready to change. (e.g. smoking, alcohol).

Question 7

define health promotion

Answer 7

an overarching principle/activity which enhances health and includes disease prevention, health education and health protection. It may be planned or opportunistic.

Question 8

define health education

Answer 8

an activity involving communication with individuals or groups aimed at changing knowledge, beliefs, attitudes and behaviour in a direction which is conducive to improvements in health.

Question 9

define health protection

Answer 9

involves collective activities directed at factors which are beyond the control of the individual. Health protection activities tend to be regulations or policies, or voluntary codes of practice aimed at the prevention of ill health or the positive enhancement of well-being.

Question 10

what is empowerment?

Answer 10

Empowerment refers to the generation of power in those individuals and groups which previously considered themselves to be unable to control situations nor act on the basis of their choices.

Question 11

benefits of empowerment

Answer 11

An ability to resist social pressure.
An ability to utilise effective coping strategies when faced by an unhealthy environment.
A heightened consciousness of action.
An ability to resist social pressure.
An ability to utilise effective coping strategies when faced by an unhealthy environment.
A heightened consciousness of action.

Question 12

challenges to successful health promotion

Answer 12

Many doctors are cynical about planned health promotion and question if the resources allocated to it are money well spent.

It is worth noting that the majority of health activities in secondary and primary care have never been adequately evaluated.

In response the UK government has set up the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) to review evidence and develop appropriate guidelines to practice.

Question 13

describe the cycle of change

Answer 13

precontemplation
contemplation
action
maintenance
relapse

Question 14

examples of health promotion: primary care planned

Answer 14

posters
chronic disease clinics
vaccinations
QOF

Question 15

examples of health promotion: primary care opportunistic

Answer 15

advice within surgery, smoking, diet, taking BP

Question 16

examples of health promotion: government legislation

Answer 16

legal age limits
smoking ban
health and safety
clean air act
highway code

Question 17

examples of health promotion: government economic

Answer 17

tax on cigarettes and alcohol

Question 18

examples of health promotion: government education

Answer 18

HEBS

Question 19

what is primary prevention?

Answer 19

Measures taken to prevent onset of illness or injury
Reduces probability, severity

e.g. Smoking Cessation or Immunisation

Question 20

what is secondary prevention

Answer 20

“Detection of a disease at an early (preclinical) stage in order to cure, prevent, or lessen symptomatology” –

Earliest opportunity is when a disease becomes evident or detectable. Ends when disease becomes symptomatic.

Question 21

Wilson’s criteria for screenign

Answer 21

Illness – important, natural history understood, pre-symptomatic stage

Test – easy, acceptable, cost effective, sensitive and specific

Treatment – acceptable, cost effective, better if early

Question 22

what is tertiary prevention?

Answer 22

“measures to limit distress or disability caused by disease” e.g. OA, motor neurone disease eg OT physio care manager

Relate to patient visits, QOF, (remember that secondary prevention of MI etc relates to tertiary prevention
Patient interview

Question 23

establishment of a healthy lifestyle

Answer 23

Growth and development fuelled by food
Scotland has the highest incidence of premature death due to heart disease
High saturated fats and low fruit and veg are important factors in this

Question 24

role of parenting in life long health

Answer 24

Habits and lifestyles established in adolescence
Smoking is more than twice as likely if your parents smoke
Neglect and abuse recur.

Question 25

children exercise recommendation

Answer 25

NHS Guidelines for teens suggest at least 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous exercise daily for teenagers.

Question 26

children sleep recommendation

Answer 26

NHS Guidelines for teens suggest at least 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous exercise daily for teenagers.