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Clinical Pathology (mine) > Childhood Viral Infections > Flashcards

Childhood Viral Infections Flashcards

1
Q

When is IgM produced by the body?

A

In acute infection

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2
Q

When is IgG produced?

A

In long term immunity

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3
Q

Which immunoglobulin is in breast milk?

A

IgA

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4
Q

What viral infections do expect in children with a rash?

A

parvovirus, measles, chickenpox, rubella, non-polio enterovirus infection, EBV

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5
Q

What virus causes measles?

A

paramyxovirus (enveloped single stranded RNA virus)

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6
Q

How is measles transmitted?

A

person to person, droplet spread

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7
Q

When is measles infective?

A

from start of first symptoms (4days before rash to 4 days after disappearance of rash)

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8
Q

How long should a child with measles be incubated for?

A

7-18 days

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9
Q

What are the clinical features of measles?

A

rash + fever + cough/coryza/conjunctivitus

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10
Q

Define prodrome

A

early symptom indicating onset of disease

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11
Q

What are four main complications of measles?

A

otitis media, pneumonia, diarrhoea, acute encephalitis

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12
Q

How do you diagnose measles?

A

clinical, leukopenia, oral fluid sample, serology

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13
Q

How do you treat measles?

A

supportive treatment, antibiotics for superinfection

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14
Q

What virus causes chicken pox?

A

varicella zoster virus, Herpes virus (DNA virus)

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15
Q

How is chicken pox transmitted?

A

respiratory spread/personal contact

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16
Q

How long should people with chicken pox be incubated for?

A

14-15 days

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17
Q

When is chicken pox infective?

A

2 days before onset of rash until after vesicles dry up

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18
Q

What are the clinical features of VZV (chicken pox)?

A

fever, malaise, anorexia, rash

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19
Q

How do you treat chicken pox?

A

symptomatic adults and immunocompromised children - aciclovir oral
chlorpheniramien can relieve itch

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20
Q

What virus causes rubella?

A

togavirus (RNA virus)

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21
Q

How is rubella transmitted?

A

dropplet spread - air-bourne

22
Q

What is the incubation period for rubella?

A

14-21 days

23
Q

When is rubella infective?

A

one week before rash to 4 days after

24
Q

What are the clinical features of rubella?

A

lymphadenopathy, rash

25
Q

What are the complication of rubella?

A

thrombocytopaenia, post infectious encephalitis

26
Q

What can congenital rubella syndrome cause?

A
  • cataracts
  • deafness
  • cardiac abnormalities
  • microcephaly
  • retardation of intra-uterine growth
  • inflammatory lesions
27
Q

When are IgM and IgG detectable in rubella?

A

from onset of rash

28
Q

How is parvovirus B19 transmitted?

A

respiratory secretions or from mother to child

29
Q

What is the incubation period for parvovirus B19?

A

4-14 days

30
Q

What are the clinical features of parvovirus B19?

A
  • minor respiratory illness
  • rash (slapped cheek)
  • arthralgia
  • aplastic anaemia
  • anaemia in the immunosuppressed
31
Q

What percentage of enteroviral infections are asymptomatic?

A

90%

32
Q

What do you expect in a child with respiratory symptoms?

A
  • respiratory syncytial virus
  • parainfluenza
  • influenza
  • adenovirus
  • metapneumovirus
  • rhinovirus
33
Q

How would you manage respiratory syncytial virus?

A

O2, manage fever and fluid intake

34
Q

What type of virus is metapneumovirus?

A

paramyxovirus

35
Q

Which virus accounts for 10% of childhood respiratory infection?

A

adenovirus

36
Q

How many types of parainfluenza are there?

A

4 (1 in winter, 3 in summer)

37
Q

How is parainfluenza transmitted?

A

person to person - inhalation

38
Q

What are the clinical features of parainfluenza?

A

croup, bronchiolitis, URTI

39
Q

What do you expect in a child with diarrhoea?

A

rotavirus or notovirus

40
Q

How is rotavirus transmitted?

A

faecal-oral, occasionally respiratory

41
Q

What is the incubation period for rotavirus?

A

1-2 days

42
Q

Does rotavirus have a high or low infective does?

A

LOW

43
Q

What are the clinical features of rotavirus?

A

diarrhoea and vomitting

44
Q

How do you manage rotavirus?

A

rehydration

45
Q

How can rotavirus be prevented?

A

oral live vaccine (UK introduction in 2013)

46
Q

How is notovirus trasnmitted?

A

person to person spread (foodbourne)

47
Q

How do you manage notovirus?

A

rehydration

48
Q

Which viral family are mumps in?

A

paramyxoviridae family

49
Q

How is mumps transmitted?

A

direct contac, droplet spread, fomites

50
Q

What is the incubation period for mumps?

A

2-4 weeks

51
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of mumps in the second 24hrs?

A

earache, tenderness over iplsilateral parotid

Clinical Pathology (mine) (28 decks)

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