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Year 5 - Paediatrics > Childhood vaccinations and counselling > Flashcards

Childhood vaccinations and counselling Flashcards

1
Q

What immunisations at <1 year old?

A

​8 weeks

  • 6-in-1 vaccine
  • Rotavirus vaccine
  • MenB

12 weeks

  • 6-in-1 vaccine (2nd dose)
  • Pneumococcal (PCV) vaccine
  • Rotavirus vaccine (2nd dose)

16 weeks

  • 6-in-1 vaccine (3rd dose)
  • MenB (2nd dose)
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2
Q

What immunisations are given at 1 year?

A
  • Hib/MenC (1st dose)
  • MMR (1st dose)
  • Pneumococcal (PCV) vaccine (2nd dose)
  • MenB (3rd dose)
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3
Q

What immunisations are given at 2years to 10 years?

A
  • Flu vaccine anually
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4
Q

What immunisations at 3 years and 4 months?

A
  • MMR (2nd dose)
  • 4-in-1 pre-school booster
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5
Q

What immunisations at 12-13 years?

A
  • HPV vaccine
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6
Q

What immunisations at 14 years?

A
  • 3-in-1 teenage booster
  • MenACWY
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7
Q

What does the 6-in-1 vaccine include?

A
  • diphtheria
  • hepatitis B
  • Hib (Haemophilus influenzae type b)
  • polio
  • tetanus
  • whooping cough (pertussis)

Parents(polio) will (whooping cough) immunise (influenza Hib) toddlers (tetanus) because (hep B) death (diptheria)

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8
Q

When are the pneumococcal vaccines given?

A
  • 12 weeks
  • 1 year

(and 65 years)

prevents pneumonia, sepsis and meningitis

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9
Q

When is the rotavirus vaccine given?

A

8 weeks and 12 weeks

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10
Q

When are the meningococcal vaccines given?

A

Men B - 8 weeks, 16 weeks and 1 year

MenC - given alongside Hib at 1 year

Men ACWY - 14 years

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11
Q

When is the Hib vaccine given?

A

8 weeks, 12 weeks and 16 weeks in the 6-in-1 vaccine

1 year as MenC/Hib

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12
Q

What does the 4-in-1 pre-school booster include?

A
  • diphtheria
  • tetanus
  • whooping cough
  • polio
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13
Q

Compared to the 6-in-1 vaccine, what is not included in the 4-in-1 vacccine?

A

Hib and hepB

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14
Q

What is included in the 3-in-1 teenage booster?

A
  • tetanus,
  • diphtheria
  • polio.
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15
Q

What is not included in the 3-in-1 comapred to the 4-in-1?

A

whooping cough (pertussis)

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16
Q

When is the MMR vaccine given?

A
  • 1 year
  • 3 years 4 months
17
Q

What type of vaccines are these:

  1. 6 in 1
  2. 4 in 1
  3. 3 in 1
A

All inactivated - no live virus

18
Q

What type of vaccines are these:

  1. MenC/Hib
  2. MenACWY
  3. MenB
A
  1. MenC/Hib - inactivated
  2. MenACWY - component - 4 different surface sugars
  3. MenB - rDNA, component, adsorbed - contains 4 different components from the surface of Neisseria meningitidis
19
Q

What type of vaccine is the flu vaccine?

A

Small amounts of weakened flu viruses - given via nasal spray in children

20
Q

What type of vaccine is the MMR vaccine?

A

Small amount of weakened measles, mumps and rubella viruses.

21
Q

When is the HPV vaccine given?

A

Girls and boys aged 12 to 13 years - 2 injections spaced 6 months apart

22
Q

What type of vaccine is the HPV vaccine?

A

Recombinant, adsorbed

Contains types 6, 11, 16 and 18

23
Q

What type of vaccine is the PCV vaccine?

A

inactivated or “killed” vaccines and do not contain any live organisms

24
Q

What type of vaccine is the rotavirus vaccine?

A

live

  • should not be given in various conditions e.g. SCID or if infant has had intusussception
25
Q

What are the main questions to ask?

A
  1. “What are your thoughts about immunisations?”
  2. “Was there anything you were concerned about?”
  3. “What were you hoping we’d do today?”
  4. “What do you know about immunisations?”
26
Q

How would you explain the need for immunisations?

A
  1. Protect the child
  2. Protect society as a whole
27
Q

What are the benefits of vaccination (explained)?

A

Dramatically lowers risk of them catching the illness which may be harmful in the long or short term

By stopping its development, you also protect children around them and vulnerable individuals such as pregnant women

28
Q

Which vaccines are live and which are inactivated?

A
  • MMR - live attenuated
  • DTP, whooping cough - inactivated virus
  • Hib - polysaccharide extract
29
Q

What should parents expect on the day of vaccination?

A
  1. Nurse will screen for any contraindications - e.g. if they’ve been ill recently, any allergies to make sure you can have the vaccine
  2. Vaccine will then be given - in the arm/thigh
  3. Normal reactions include cyring, irritability and a low fever. The area can also be a bit sore and red for about 48 hours. You can give Calpol and a cold compress to help.
  4. Sometimes more serious reactions can occur but these are rare e.g. an allergic reaction so if you get rashes/ swelling around lips and mouth then contact doctor urgently. If they have a temperature that is not going down with Calpol, also contact the doctor.
  5. Complications occur in < 1 in 1000, and severe reactions in less than 1 in 500,000 but complications of the diseases that we are vaccinating against are much more common and much more serious
30
Q

“Does the MMR vaccine cause autism?”

A

The study that found that has been disproved. It consisted of a small number of participants who were not randomly chosen and therefore this was not a fair study.

Since then, many studies have tried and failed to find those results. The researchers who conducted that study have also been struck off.

Giving the MMR vaccine together is just as safe as giving it separately and is much more common than 3 separate injections for your child.

31
Q

How would you summarise what you’ve told them?

A
  1. With your consent your child will have the vaccinations.
  2. To summarise….
    • …​ the reason is to reduce any harm to your baby and protect vulnerable people around them.
    • Vaccinations are safe, some minor side effects can occur which are less serious than the complications of the actual illnesses. Can be treated with Calpol.
    • If you think your child is having a severe allergic reaction, please come into hospital straight away.
  3. Does that all seem clear? Do you have any questions?
  4. *give leaflet*

Year 5 - Paediatrics (91 decks)

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