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Clinical Pathology > Childhood vaccinations > Flashcards

Childhood vaccinations Flashcards

1
Q 
B19 virus  - give details of the virus..
virus
Transmission
Infectivity
Incubation
A
  • Parovirus - slapped cheek syndrome
  • incubation - 4-14 days
  • droplets, mother to child
  • asymptomatic
  • infectivity - low (once have rash you are no longer infectious)
  • miscarriage in pregnancy, hydrous, anaemia
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2
Q 
Rubella  - give details of the virus..
virus
Transmission
Infectivity
Incubation
A

Togavirus, RNA
Airborne - less contagious
14-21 days incubation
Infectivity 1 week before rash to 4 days after

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3
Q

Rotavirus - main clinical features

A
  • Reovirus (RNA)
    _ feacal oral tranmission
  • Low infective dose
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4
Q

Diagnosis/treatment of rubella

A
  • MMR vaccine
  • Serology IgG/IgM (implications for pregnancy)
  • PCR
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5
Q

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) name the main features

A
  • pneumovirus
  • bronchiolitis - under 1 yr olds (0-24 months); winter epidemics, incubation = 4-6 days
  • diagnosis - PCR on secretions from nasopharyngeal aspirate
    Treatment - O2, manage fever and fluid intake
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6
Q

What type of immunity is IgM associated with?

A

acute infection - used to check presence of virus NOW

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7
Q

What virus’s cause a rash?

A 
Parvovirus
Measles
Chicken pox
Rubella 
Non-polioenterovirus
EBV (glandular fever)
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8
Q

Clinical features of chicken pox

A
  • Fever, malaise, anorexia

- Rash - macular > papular > vesicular > pustular

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9
Q

What diseases are notifiable?

A 
Acute meningitis
Acute Poliomyelitis
Measles
Mumps
Rubella 
Small pox
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10
Q

What are the clinical features of rotavirus?

A
  • D&V
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11
Q

How is rotavirus diagnosis, treated and prevented

A
  • PCR
  • Rehydration
  • Live vaccine - given at 2-3 months
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12
Q

Parainfluenza/influenza - main features

A

4 types - 1 in winter, 3 in summer

  • transmission - person to person, inhalation
  • clinical features - crop, bronchiolitis, upper respiratory tract infection
  • parafluenza - not treatable, influenza = treatable
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13
Q 
Measles  - give details of the virus..
virus
Transmission
Infectivity
Incubation
A
  • Paramyxovirus
  • RNA virus (enveloped)
  • Person to person, droplets (VERY INFECTIOUS)
  • 4 days before rash and 4 days after
  • incubation = 7-18 days (10-12 days)
  • Human disease (possible to eradicate)
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14
Q

Clinical Features of mumps

A

Prodrome - non specific ( fever, malaise etc)
24hrs - ear ache and swelling of ipsilateral parotid
24hrs-3 days - parotid enlargement with severe pain (bilateral/ipsilateral), pyrexia up to 40 degrees!
- resolution - after peak swelling - resolves and parotid glands return to normal size within a week

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15
Q

What are the clinical features of Metapneumovirus

A

paramyxovirus
- causes illness sillier to RSV
Diagnosis = PCR
Treatment = supportative

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16
Q

Diagnosis and treatment of chicken pox

A
  • clinical diagnosis (rash) and PCR (check presence of virus)
  • Serology - IgG - immunity (pregnant women esp!)
  • Treatment only for symptomatic adults and immunocompromised children - acoclovir
17
Q

Main features of mumps?

A
  • Paramyxovirus
  • direct contact, droplet spread
  • infectivity - several days before parotid swelling
  • incubation - 2-4weeks
    MMR vaccine (but not very effective)
18
Q

Name some complications of measles

A

Pneumonia (main cause of death in children)
Otitis media
Diarrhoea
Acute encephalitis
Most complications occur in children 20 year old adults

19
Q

What are the clinical features of measles?

A
  • Koplik spots (like tipping red paint over head)
  • 3 C’s - cough, coryza, conjunctivitis
  • Fever/malaise

Fever + Rash + coryza/cough/conjunctivitis = Measles

20
Q

Clinical features of Parovirus B19

A
  • Peaks in spring
  • rash illness ‘slapped cheek’
  • minor respiratory distress
  • athralgia (pain in joints)
21
Q

What type of immunity is IgG associated with?

A

Long term immunity - check if you have been exposed to virus previously

22
Q

Name the 3 main enterovirus’s

A

Coxsackie, entero, echovirus

  • can cause meningitis!!
  • usually mild and self limiting
23
Q

Main clinical features of rubella

A

Non -specific rash
Congenital rubella syndrome - cataracts/eye defects, deafness, cardiac abnormalities
, MICROCEPHALAY (most susceptible in first 2 weeks of pregnancy)

24
Q 
Chicken pox  - give details of the virus..
virus
Transmission
Infectivity
Incubation
A
  • Varicella zoster virus (Herpes)
  • DNA virus
  • Respiratory spread/personal contact
  • very infectious (2 days before rash until vesicles dry up) - 90% people = susceptible who come in contact
  • Incubation - 14-15 days
  • Human = only host
25
Q

Adenovirus main features

A
  • 10% childhood resp infections
  • CONJUNCTIVITS, mild URTI, diarhoea
  • Respiratory panal/eye swab PCR
  • Treatment - none unless immunocompromised

Clinical Pathology (50 decks)

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