Childhood Rash Case Studye

Question 1

Common childhood diseases with rash presentation

Answer 1

1. Chickenpox
2. Fifth Disease
3. Pemphigous
4. Scarlet Fever
5. Measles
6. Kawasaki Disease
7. Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS)

Question 2

Cause, Presentation, & Diagnosis of Chickenpox

Answer 2

• Cause: Varicella-zoster virus
• Presentation: rash w/ blisters followed by scab on trunk and head
• Diagnosis: history & exam
  
  • can culture lesions

Question 3

Cause, Presentation, & Diagnosis of Fifth Disease

Answer 3

• Cause: Parvovirus
• Presentation: “slapped cheeks”, fever & joint pain
• Dx: clinical – no lab

Question 4

Cause, Presentation, & Diagnosis of Pemphigous

Answer 4

• Cause: autoimmune
• Presentation: blistering
• Dx: skin biopsy

Question 5

Cause, Presentation, & Diagnosis of Scarlet Fever

Answer 5

• Cause: Group A strep
• Presentation: begins w/ fever & sore throat
  
  • rash begins on neck & chest
• Dx: throat swab for strep antigen

Question 6

Cause, Presentation, & Diagnosis of Kawasaki Disease

Answer 6

• Cause: autoimmune vasculitis
• Presentation: fever, red eyes, large lymph nodes
• Dx: clinical — no lab

Question 7

Cause, Presentation, & Diagnosis of SSSS

Answer 7

• Cause: Coagulase+ staph. toxin
• Presentation: generalized erythmatous rash w/ skin exfoliation
  
  • conjunctival redness around eyes & mouth
• Dx: clinical (Hx & appearance)

Question 8

SSSS treatment

Answer 8

Beta-lactamase resistant penicillins (ampicillin/sulbactam) or Penicillinase resistant penicillin (nafcillin)
- ISOLATION!!