Childhood Disorders

Question 0

Mild versus severe versus profound mental retardation – IQ range and level of functioning?

Answer 0

Mild – 50-70 – 6th grade level, can work and live independently, needs help in difficult and stressful situations

Moderate – 30-50 – 2nd grade level; can work with supervision; needs help in mildly stressful situations

Severe – 20-30 – Little or no speech; limited ability to manage oneself

Profound – under 20 – needs continuous supervision

Question 1

Mental retardation – deficiencies in?

Answer 1

#Intellectual functioning
#Social adaptive functioning (ability to do daily activities)

Question 2

Psychiatric treatment for mentally retarded?

Answer 2

#Genetic counseling
#Prenatal care 
#safe environments for expectant mothers
#Special-education
#Behavioral therapies

Question 3

Pervasive development disorders? Typically occur when?

Answer 3

#Autism
#Asperger
#Rett
#Childhood disintegrated disorder

Under 3

Question 4

Autism – boys or girls? Characteristics? Treatment?

Answer 4

Boys

#Lacks peer relationships
#Poor eye contact/social smile
#Absent/speech
#repetitive behaviors

#Help develop relationships
#Behavior modification programs
#Antipsychotic medications if aggressive

Question 5

Rett – boys or girls? Characteristics? Treatment?

Answer 5

Girls

#Microcephaly and progressive and cephalopathy
#Loss of speech  
#ataxia and psychomotor retardation
#Hand-wringing

#If self injurous, behavioral therapy
#Physiotherapy for muscular dysfunction

Question 6

Childhood disintegrated disorder – boys or girls? Characteristics? Treatment?

Answer 6

Boys

#Normal development for 2 years then marked regression
#Loss of language, social interaction, motor function, bladder function
#Repetitive/stereotyped behaviors

Treat like autism
(#Help develop relationships
#Behavior modification programs
#Antipsychotic medications if aggressive )

Question 7

Two-year-old who does not speak much, does not respond when name is called, does not have much attachment to his parents - must rule out?

Answer 7

Deafness

Question 8

Prerequisites for attention deficit hyper disorder?

Answer 8

#Interferes with daily functioning in at least two areas (home/school) #symptoms present for over six months
#Symptoms appear before the age of seven

Question 9

Treatment for ADHD? Side effects?

Second line treatment?

Answer 9

Methylphenidate and dextroamphetamine; insomnia, anorexia, headache

Atomixetetine (norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor)

Question 10

Oppositional defiant disorder – Boys or girls? Features? Treatment?

Answer 10

Boys before puberty but equal afterwards

Argumentative, easily annoyed, blames others (but does NOT break rules of society or commit crimes)

Teach parents appropriate child management skills

Question 11

Conduct disorder – Boys or girls? Features? Treatment?

Answer 11

Boys and children with parents with antisocial personality disorder or alcohol dependence

#Persistent rule breaking
#Aggression (bullying, animal cruelty, weapons)
#Vandalism, arson, theft, truancy

#Behavioral intervention using rewards
#Antipsychotics if aggressive

Question 12

Tourette’s disorder – boys or girls? most common motor tics? Vocal tics? Treatment?

Answer 12

Boys before 7

#Motor – headshaking and blinking
#Vocal – grunting, coughing, throat clearing

Dopamine antagonist - risperidone