Childhood Flashcards
Explain the 1880 Education Act
Education made compulsory for 5-10 year olds.
When was the first Education Act?
1880
Explain the 1918 Fisher Education Act
Education made compulsory for 5-14 year olds.
When was the Fisher Education Act?
1918
Why was there a truancy problem in schools in the INDUSTRIAL PERIOD?
Children were working for their families.
Childhood is a social construction.
What is a social construction?
Something built/made up by society.
PRE-INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY
P_____ A___ (19__) studied ________ paintings and found children were _______ like _____.
WHY? People didn’t ____ their _____ and there was a high _______ _______ rate so people didn’t want to _____ time in ______.
a) Philippe Aries (1962)
b) Medieval
d) treated
e) adults
f) know
g) age
h) infant mortality
i) waste time in childhood
PRE-INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY
When did current ideas of childhood develop and for who?
Why?
End of 17th century for middle/upper class children.
Their infant mortality rate decreased & people spent more time with family, giving more attention to children.
PRE-INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY
CRITIQUE OF ARIES:
- There is limited _______.
- Paintings were normally of _______ _____ so they don’t reflect _______ _________.
a) evidence
b) wealthy elite
c) ordinary experience
THE INDUSTRIAL PERIOD 1700-1900
It was an _______ necessity for children to _____ for their ____ families.
a) essential
b) work
c) poor
THE INDUSTRIAL PERIOD 1700-1900
What kind of work did children do?
Physical work in factories, mines, mills ect.
THE INDUSTRIAL PERIOD 1700-1900
What age did children start working?
Age 5 approx
THE INDUSTRIAL PERIOD 1700-1900
Children _________ their _______ if they were too ____ and/or _____.
a) supported
b) parents
c) old
d) sick
THE INDUSTRIAL PERIOD 1700-1900
The F______ Act 18__ meant children _______ work in ________ under the age of __.
Children aged __ - __ couldn’t work more than ____ hours a ____.
Children aged __ - __ couldn’t work more than ____ hours a ____.
a) Factory Act 1833
b) cannot
c) factories
d) 9
e) 9-13, 9 hours a day
h) 13-18, 12 hours a day
THE INDUSTRIAL PERIOD 1700-1900
T_____ B______ was set up in 18__.
____ B_______ Home’s were founded for _______ and _____ children.
Girls were taught _______ things.
Boys were _______ for _____.
a) Thomas Bernardo 1870
b) 112 Bernardo’s Homes
d) infants and young children
f) teen
g) domestic
h) teen
i) domestic
l) trained for trades
THE INDUSTRIAL PERIOD 1700-1900
The C_____ C_____ 18__ meant the ____ could now ______ _______ in relations with _____ and _______.
_____ could enter a home by _____ if they thought a ____ was in ______.
______ could ______ anyone found _______ a child.
a) The Children’s Charter 1889
b) state
c) legally intervene
d) parents and children
e) police
f) force
g) child
h) danger
i) police
j) arrest
k) ill-treating
THE 20th CENTURY
Cunningham (2006) said society now had 3 major features regarding childhood.
What are they?
Seen as innocent, vulnerable & need of protection.
Adults & children have separate social world/spheres
Have rights eg right to safety.
THE 20th CENTURY
Who stated that society now 3 major features regarding childhood?
Cunningham (2006)
THE 20th CENTURY
Children and governmental policies.
- The ____ shows support for _______.
- _________ state education ages __ - __.
- The ____ interferes with family ______.
a) NHS
b) mothers
c) compulsory
d) 4-18
e) state
f) neglect
THE 20th CENTURY
Children and governmental policies.
- The ____ pays _____ _______ and ______ ____ credit.
- The ____ protects children from _________ in certain activities i.e ________, drinking _______, _______ and ____.
a) state
b) Child Benefit
c) Child Tax credit
d) state
e) participating
f) smoking, drinking alcohol, marriage and sex.
THE 20th CENTURY
The C____ S______ Act 19__ stated that in the event of _________ _________, the ______ of children is the _____ main ________.
________ must pay child ______ in this event.
a) The Child Support Act 1991
b) parental separating
c) welfare
d) state’s main priority
e) parents
f) support
THE 20th CENTURY
When was the Child Support Act?
1991
THE 20th CENTURY
The 20__ C______ Act was influenced by the ________ ______ case.
Anyone working with ______ must make a ______ of anything worth _______ about them.
The government has an ________ record for every child in the UK, making it ______ to _____ them.
a) 2004 Children’s Act
b) Victoria Climbie
c) children
d) record
e) noting
f) electronic
g) easier to trace
What is relativity?
People’s experience of social life isn’t the same - differs on class, ethnicity, gender, location etc.
Childhood is a _______ experience as it can be experienced both ________ and ________ and not all _______ construct it as a ______ and _______ experience.
In some parts of the world, childhood is a ________ and ______ period of life.
a) relative
b) positively and negatively
c) cultures
d) sacred and special
e) dangerous
f) risky
GENDER
O_____ (19__) said they are ________ into a set of behaviours based on _______ expectations about _________ and _________.
According to ________, this is to teach the ________ skills and ________ needed to perform the _____ role of _______ and _______.
a) Oakley (1985)
b) socialised
c) cultural
d) masculinity and femininity
e) feminists
f) feminine
g) attitudes
h) adult
i) home-maker and mother
GENDER
M______ (20__) suggests girls and boys have different experiences because _______ see girls as in _______ need of ________ from the world.
This means that they are ________ to _______ controls from _______ and consequently spend more time with _______ than their _______.
a) McRobbie (2000)
b) parents
c) greater
d) protection
e) subjected
f) stricter
g) parents
h) families
i) brothers
SOCIAL CLASS
L______ (20__) stated that the ______ class experience of _________ was ________ constructed by parents who were engaged in a ‘________ _________’ of children.
a) Lareau (2011)
b) middle class
c) childhood
d) socially
e) ‘concerted cultivation’
SOCIAL CLASS
What is ‘concerted cultivation’?
Parents enroll children at a young age in activities/courses.
SOCIAL CLASS
L_____ (20__) found that _______ class parents emphasised the ‘______ ______’ of their children. If they provide their children with ____, _____ and ______ they would grow up ______ and __________.
a) Lareau (2011)
b) working class
c) ‘natural growth’
d) love, food and safety
e) healthy and well-rounded
SOCIAL CLASS
V______ and B____ (20__) found ______ class parents raise ‘________ children’ - they are provided with _________ activities surrounding ______, ____ and ______.
a) Vincent and Ball (2007)
b) middle
c) ‘renaissance children’
d) enrichment
e) music, art and drama