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Child Health > Child with Developmental Delay - Approach > Flashcards

Child with Developmental Delay - Approach Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of “developmental delay”?

A

Failure to attain apporpriate developmental milestones for child;s corrected chronological age

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2
Q

What are the three main types of abnormal development seen in children?

A

Delay (Globl or specific)
Deviation (e.g. autism)
Regression (e.g. Rett’s Syndrome)

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3
Q

What percentage of UK child population has Autistic Spectrum Disorder?

A

1%

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4
Q

What percentage of UK child population has Mild Learning Disability?

A

1-2%

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5
Q

What percentage of UK child population has Severe Learning Disability?

A

0.3-0.5%

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6
Q

What percentage of UK child population has a Specific Learning Disability?

A

5-10%

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7
Q

What are the RED FLAGS to look out for in Development? (7)

A

Asymmetry of movement

Not reaching for objects by 6 months

Unable to sit unsupported by 12 months

Unable to walk by 18 months –> check CK

No speech by 18 months

Concerns re vision or hearing

Loss of skills

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8
Q

What is Global Developmental Delay?

A

Significant delay in 2+ of:
Gross/Fine motor skills, speech language, cognition, social/personal, activities of daily living (ADL)

(termed learning disability in school age)

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9
Q

What is screened medically in Down’s Syndrome?

A 
Cardiac
Vision
Hearing
Thyroid function
Sleep related breathing disorders
Growth- charts
Development
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10
Q

Name the (4) SPECIFIC developmental delays.

A 
Motor delays
(e.g. Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, Cerebral Palsy, Co-ordination disorders)
Language delays
(e.g. Specific language Impairment)

Sensory Deficits and Associated Delay
(e.g. Oculocutaneous Albinism, Treacher-Collins Syndrome)

Developmental deviations
(e.g. Autism Spectrum Disorders)

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11
Q

What conditions are associated with Cerebral Palsy? (8)

A

Mobility problems, spasticity and orthopaedic problems

Learning Difficulties

Epilepsy

Visual/Hearing impairment

Communication difficulties

Feeding Difficulties

Sleep problems

Behaviour problems

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12
Q

What is in the Autistic Triad of impairments? (3)

A

Communication

Social Interaction

Flexibility of thought/imagination

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13
Q 
What do people with ASD show with communication in terms of:
Receptive Language (4)
A 
Receptive Language:
Delayed
Expressive>Receptive
Abstract Language Difficult
Visually more able
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14
Q 
What do people with ASD show with communication in terms of:
Expressive Language (4)
A 
Expressive Language:
Delayed
Echoes
Off intonation/pitch
Chunks of video speak
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15
Q

What do people with ASD show with communication in terms of:

Non-verbal Language (3)

A

Facial expressions, gesture
Eye contact
Recognising intention of others

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16
Q

What do people with ASD show with communication in terms of:

Use of Language (3)

A

Initiating and sustaining conversation
Restricted interests
Lack of awareness of reciprocal nature of conversation

17
Q

What do people with ASD show problems with in social interaction?
(8)

A

Problems with Joint Attention and Referencing

Difficulty with Turn-taking

Unable to share pleasure

Not motivated by need for social approval

Issues with social rules

Problems with Empathy

Problems with relationships

Struggle to understand others point of view/feelings

18
Q

What do people with ASD show in terms of Flexibility of Thought/Imagination?
(6)

A 
Theory of mind
Concrete and literal
Concept of time
Routines
Changes in environment
Riualistic behaviour
19
Q

What SENSORY issues do people with ASD have? (7)

A 
Fussy with eating/taking medications
Issues with texture of clothes 
Sleep issues
Toilet training issues
Problems with hair washing/cutting
Problems with nail cutting
Issues with noise
20
Q

What is the structure of a history of a child with suspected developmental delay?(7)

A 
Concerns - presenting complaint
Past Medical History
Perinatal and birth
Family and social
Developmental
Play and behaviour
School/Nursery
21
Q

What is the structure of an examination of a child with suspected developmental delay?(7)

A 
Observation
Dysmorphism
Head Circumference
Systems
CNS, including neurocutaneous
Vision
Hearing
22
Q

What investogations are done for a patient with suspected developmental delay?

A

Chromosomes, FRAX & Oligoarray CGH

Neonatal PKU, thyroid studies, CK

If indicated:
MRI brain
EEG
Metabolic studies
Genetic consultation
Others
23
Q

What assessment tools are used in the assessment of people with suspected developmental delay?

A

Griffiths (0-8years)
Bayleys (0-3 years)
Schedule of Growing Skills (0-5years)
ADOS (ASD)

24
Q

What assessment tool is used for people with suspected ASD?

A

ADOS

25
Q

What interventions are available for people with developmental delays?

A

Therapy:
Physiotherapy
Speech and language therapy (SLT)
Occupational therapy (OT)

Family upport
Educational Placement
Referral to other agencies

Child Health (17 decks)

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