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Child Health > Acutely Unwell Child > Flashcards

Acutely Unwell Child Flashcards

1
Q

What is different about infant anatomy in terms of the larynx and epiglottis?

A

High anterior larynx

Floppy epiglottis

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2
Q

What is different about infant anatomy in terms of the ribcage?

A

More flexible ribs

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3
Q

What is the blood volume (mls/kg) in infants?

A

80mls/kg

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4
Q

What type of haemagolibin most abundant at birth?

A

HbF (haemaglobin F) (fetal haemaglobin)

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5
Q

What illnesses do children present with the most?

A

Bronchiolitis/URTI/Croup

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6
Q

Name (in order) the 8 most common illness that children presetn with:

A 
Bronchiolitis/URTI/Croup (28%)
Gastroenteritis (8/8%)
Seizures/epilepsy (6.6%)
Pneumonia/LRTI (6.2%)
Asthma (5.7%)
"Viral Illness" (5.2%)
Head injury (2.3%)
Abdominal paim (3.5%)
UTI (2.2%)
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7
Q

What is the commonest reason for ACUTE illness in children?

A

Sepsis

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8
Q

What is the treatment for sepsis?

A

Supportive/antimicrobial

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9
Q

What is bronchiolitis?

A

Acute inflammatory injury of the bronchioles

viral

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10
Q

What is the treatment for bronchiolitis?

A

Supportive treatment

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11
Q

What is the other term for “croup”?

A

Larygnotracheobronchitis

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12
Q

What is croup?

A

Inflammation of the larynx and trachea in children, associated with infection and causing breathing difficulties.
(viral)

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13
Q

What is the treatment for croup?

A

Steroid treatment

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14
Q

What is the cause of meningitis?

A

Can be bacterial or viral

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15
Q

What is encephalitis?

A

Inflammation of the brain, caused by an infection or allergic reaction.
Commonly viral.

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16
Q

What investigations may be carried out on a child with CNS illness?

A

Lumbar puncture

Imaging

17
Q

Type of treatment for child with CNS illness:

A

Supportive and specific treatment

18
Q

What does the Tumbler Test test for?

A

Non-blanching rash

e.g. purpuric rash in meningococcal septicemia

19
Q

Name 6 reasons a child may have a “fit, faint or funny turn”?

A

Febrile seizures (i.e. infection)
Vasovagal episode (neurocardiogenic syncope)
Reflex anoxic seizures (usually a consequence of a reduction in cerebral perfusion by oxygenated blood)
Breth holding attacks
Behavioural episodes
Epilepsy
Arrhythmias

20
Q

What is the initial approach to management of an accident or trauma?

A

BLS

21
Q

What GI/Urogenital illnesses are common in children?

A

Viral gastroenteritis
GI obstruction (congenital pyloric stenosis. volvulus, intussusception and malrotation (infants))
Acute abdoman - (in older children) - appendicitis
UTI –> Consider abnormal renal tract
Testicuar torsion

22
Q

Whch CVS illnesses are seen in children commonly?

A

Congenital heart disease –> cyanosis, heart failure
Arrhythmias: supraventricular tachycrdia (SVT)

Bacterial endocarditis is a rare but severe infection

23
Q

At age < 1 year old, what is the normal range for:

Heart Rate

A

110-160

24
Q

At age < 1 year old, what is the normal range for:

Resp Rate

A

30-40

25
Q

At age < 1 year old, what is the normal range for:

Systolic Blood Pressure

A

70-90

26
Q

At age 1-2 years old, what is the normal range for:

Heart Rate

A

100-150

27
Q

At age 1-2 years old, what is the normal range for:

Resp Rate

A

25-35

28
Q

At age 1-2 years old, what is the normal range for:

Systolic Blood Pressure

A

80-95

29
Q

At age 2-5 years old, what is the normal range for:

Heart Rate

A

95-140

30
Q

At age 2-5 years old, what is the normal range for:

Resp Rate

A

25-30

31
Q

At age 2-5 years old, what is the normal range for:

Systolic Blood Pressure

A

80-100

32
Q

At age 5-12 years old, what is the normal range for:

Heart Rate

A

80-120

33
Q

At age 5-12 years old, what is the normal range for:

Resp Rate

A

20-25

34
Q

At age 5-12 years old, what is the normal range for:

Sytolic Blood Pressure

A

90-110

35
Q

At age >12 years old, what is the normal range for:

Heart Rate

A

60-100

36
Q

At age >12 years old, what is the normal range for:

Resp Rate

A

15-20

37
Q

At age >12 years old, what is the normal range for:

Systolic Blodd Pressure

A

100-120

Child Health (17 decks)

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