Acutely Unwell Child Flashcards
What is different about infant anatomy in terms of the larynx and epiglottis?
High anterior larynx
Floppy epiglottis
What is different about infant anatomy in terms of the ribcage?
More flexible ribs
What is the blood volume (mls/kg) in infants?
80mls/kg
What type of haemagolibin most abundant at birth?
HbF (haemaglobin F) (fetal haemaglobin)
What illnesses do children present with the most?
Bronchiolitis/URTI/Croup
Name (in order) the 8 most common illness that children presetn with:
Bronchiolitis/URTI/Croup (28%) Gastroenteritis (8/8%) Seizures/epilepsy (6.6%) Pneumonia/LRTI (6.2%) Asthma (5.7%) "Viral Illness" (5.2%) Head injury (2.3%) Abdominal paim (3.5%) UTI (2.2%)
What is the commonest reason for ACUTE illness in children?
Sepsis
What is the treatment for sepsis?
Supportive/antimicrobial
What is bronchiolitis?
Acute inflammatory injury of the bronchioles
viral
What is the treatment for bronchiolitis?
Supportive treatment
What is the other term for “croup”?
Larygnotracheobronchitis
What is croup?
Inflammation of the larynx and trachea in children, associated with infection and causing breathing difficulties.
(viral)
What is the treatment for croup?
Steroid treatment
What is the cause of meningitis?
Can be bacterial or viral
What is encephalitis?
Inflammation of the brain, caused by an infection or allergic reaction.
Commonly viral.
What investigations may be carried out on a child with CNS illness?
Lumbar puncture
Imaging
Type of treatment for child with CNS illness:
Supportive and specific treatment
What does the Tumbler Test test for?
Non-blanching rash
e.g. purpuric rash in meningococcal septicemia
Name 6 reasons a child may have a “fit, faint or funny turn”?
Febrile seizures (i.e. infection)
Vasovagal episode (neurocardiogenic syncope)
Reflex anoxic seizures (usually a consequence of a reduction in cerebral perfusion by oxygenated blood)
Breth holding attacks
Behavioural episodes
Epilepsy
Arrhythmias
What is the initial approach to management of an accident or trauma?
BLS
What GI/Urogenital illnesses are common in children?
Viral gastroenteritis
GI obstruction (congenital pyloric stenosis. volvulus, intussusception and malrotation (infants))
Acute abdoman - (in older children) - appendicitis
UTI –> Consider abnormal renal tract
Testicuar torsion
Whch CVS illnesses are seen in children commonly?
Congenital heart disease –> cyanosis, heart failure
Arrhythmias: supraventricular tachycrdia (SVT)
Bacterial endocarditis is a rare but severe infection
At age < 1 year old, what is the normal range for:
Heart Rate
110-160
At age < 1 year old, what is the normal range for:
Resp Rate
30-40
At age < 1 year old, what is the normal range for:
Systolic Blood Pressure
70-90
At age 1-2 years old, what is the normal range for:
Heart Rate
100-150
At age 1-2 years old, what is the normal range for:
Resp Rate
25-35
At age 1-2 years old, what is the normal range for:
Systolic Blood Pressure
80-95
At age 2-5 years old, what is the normal range for:
Heart Rate
95-140
At age 2-5 years old, what is the normal range for:
Resp Rate
25-30
At age 2-5 years old, what is the normal range for:
Systolic Blood Pressure
80-100
At age 5-12 years old, what is the normal range for:
Heart Rate
80-120
At age 5-12 years old, what is the normal range for:
Resp Rate
20-25
At age 5-12 years old, what is the normal range for:
Sytolic Blood Pressure
90-110
At age >12 years old, what is the normal range for:
Heart Rate
60-100
At age >12 years old, what is the normal range for:
Resp Rate
15-20
At age >12 years old, what is the normal range for:
Systolic Blodd Pressure
100-120
