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Year 2 > Child Health > Flashcards

Child Health Flashcards

1
Q

What are the features of pyloric stenosis?

A

non-bilious projectile vomiting in the first weeks of life with a palpable stomach (walnut). They have a hypochloraemic, hypokalaemic metabolic alkalosis. Vomit right after eating

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2
Q

What is intussusception?

A

when part of the bowel folds in on itself causing obstruction. It is a donut/telescope sign on ultrasound. Has red currant stools and bilious vomiting, colicky pain and diarrhoea

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3
Q

What is Volvulus?

A

Malrotation when part of the bowel is cut off which can lead to ischaemia

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4
Q

What are the features of volvulus?

A

constipated, no bowel sounds, vomiting, bowel pain, distention, no faeces, bilious vomiting

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5
Q

What is biliary atresia?

A

Jaundice over 2 weeks, increased conjugated jaundice

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6
Q

What is duodenal atresia?

A

AXR shows double bubble sign, few hours after birth

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7
Q

What is the autistic triad of impairments?

A

Social communication, social imagination, social interaction

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8
Q

What causes a sand paper rash, red cheeks and strawberry tongue?

A

Scarlet fever

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9
Q

What organism causes scarlet fever?

A

strep pyogenes

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10
Q

What organism is responsible for hand, foot and mouth disease?

A

coxsackie or enterovirus

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11
Q

What is egg on side appearance?

A

Transposition of the great arteries

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12
Q

What vitamins should children from 6 months be taking?

A

Vitamin A, C, D

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13
Q

What method would be most suitable for identifying a point mutation?

A

Next generation sequencing

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14
Q

What method is most appropriate for identifying deletions, chromosomal translocations and aneuploidy?

A

aCGH

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15
Q

A single palmar crease is indicative of?

A

Down’s syndrome

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16
Q

What injury can be sustained from a forceps delivery?

A

Facial nerve palsy- it should recover in time

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17
Q

What condition causes a target sign on imagine?

A

Intussusception

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18
Q

Which hormone acts on leydig cells in boys to produce testosterone?

A

LH

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19
Q

Which hormone enhances spermatogenesis in males?

A

FSH

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20
Q

What presents with syncope, chest pain and a systolic thrill felt suprasternally?

A

Aortic stenosis

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21
Q

Which derm condition occurs in children caused by parvovirus B19?

A

Slap cheek

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22
Q

Heel prick is the investigation of choice for?

A

Congenital hypothyroidism

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23
Q

What kind of murmur is associated with tetralogy of fallot?

A

Ejection systolic in the pulmonary area

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24
Q

On the BMI centile chart, which indicates the patient is overweight?

A

91st- overweight
98th- obese
99.6th- severely obese

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25
What mode of inheritance is Duchennes Muscular dystrophy
X-linked recessive
26
What is the treatment of Croup?
Oral steroids
27
What is Caput succedaneum?
diffuse swelling of the scalp caused by pressure during labor
28
What mode of inheritance is Retinoblastoma?
Autosomal dominant
29
When does jaundice become pathological?
>day 14
30
How do you treat pyloric stenosis?
pylormyotomy
31
When does brain development begin after conception?
Week 3
32
What virus causes molluscum contagiosum?
Pox virus
33
What is the most common type of acute scrotal pain?
Torsion of the hyatid
34
What are the features of torsion of the hyatid?
Purple/blue lump on the scrotum, extreme pain
35
What is the average age of puberty in girls and boys?
Girls- 11 | Boys-11.5
36
Muscle, bone, cartilage and the vascular system are derived from which germ layer?
Mesoderm
37
What are the 4 features of tetralogy of fallot?
ventricular septal defect, right ventricular hypertrophy, right ventricular outflow tract obstruction, pulmonary stenosis and overriding aorta
38
Which bacteria causes an URTI with sore throat, fever and a white membrane on the tonsils/pharynx/nasal cavity?
corynebacterium diptheriae
39
What is pubertal delay in boys and girls?
13 in girls and 14 in boys
40
Where is skin, nails, hair and neural tissue are derived from which germ layer?
ectoderm
41
What is precocious puberty?
in boys- 9 | in girls- 8
42
The gut and respiratory system are derived from which germ layer?
Endoderm
43
When does a child learn head control?
6 Weeks
44
When does a baby social smile?
6 Weeks
45
When would you expect to see no head lag on pulling to sit?
3 months
46
When does a baby regards hands in the middle?
3 months
47
When can a baby push up on arms in prone?
6 months
48
When can a baby transfer objects from hand to hand?
6 months
49
When does a child become anxious around strangers?
9 months
50
When can a child stand whilst holding onto furniture?
9 months
51
When can a baby babble and imitate sound?
9 months
52
When does a baby start walking?
12 months
53
When can a baby recongise their own name?
12 months
54
When does a baby learn to run?
18 months
55
When can a baby builds towers of 3-4 bricks?
18 months
56
When can a child start walking up stairs?
1 at a time: 2 years | alternating: 3 years
57
When can a child say 2 sentences?
2 years
58
When does a child hop?
4 years
59
What is asymmetrical tonic neck reflex?
also known as the fencing reflex which stops babies from rolling off objects
60
When is the asymmetrical tonic neck reflex lost?
6-7 months
61
When does a baby get the pincer grasp?
12 months
62
How are growth charts done?
shoes must be taken off and height should be measured on expirationq
63
When is puberty expected to be finished?
girls: 16 boys: 17
64
What is Thelarche?
Breast budding
65
What is Adrenarche?
formation of body hair and odour
66
What vaccines are given at 2 months?
Diptheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, haemophilus influenzae and Hep B, Men B, rotavirus, pneumococcal
67
When do children get the MMR vaccine?
1 year
68
When do girls get the HPV vaccine?
12-13
69
How does diptheria present?
white throar, sore throat, low grade fever
70
What is the most common causative organism of diarrhoea?
Rotavirus
71
What is duodenal atresia?
congenital absence or complete closure of a portion of the lumen of the duodenum. It causes intestinal obstruction
72
How does duodenal atresia look on AXR?
Double bubble with no gas in the bowel distally
73
What are febrile convulsions?
seizure in the presence of a temperature >38.5 which typically occurs early in a viral infection
74
Where does hemiplegic cerebral palsy affect?
arms and legs on one side
75
What is the most common cause of urinary incontinence in children over 5?
Detrusor inactivity.
76
What is respiratory distress syndrome?
tachypnoea, cyanosis, subcostal/intercostal recession, expiratory grunting that occurs in babies in the first 4 hours of life.
77
What is glass ground appearance on x-ray?
RDS
78
What is the moro-startle reflex?
baby spread arms out then back in and cries.
79
What is the grasp reflex?
when an object is placed in the infants hand and strokes their palm and the fingers close around it and they will grasp it
80
What is the rooting reflex?
infant turns head towards anything that strokes his cheek or mouth searching for the object by moving his head until the object is found
81
What is the sucking reflex?
child instinctively sucks anything that touches the roof of their mouth
82
What vitamins should children be taking?
A,C, D
83
Which vitamins should breast feeding mothers take?
D
84
What is Caput succedaneum?
diffuse swelling of the scalp caused by the pressure of scalp against the dilating cervix during labour.
85
What is cephalohaematoma?
collection of blood under the periosteum of the skull bone
86
What is the most common cause of RDS?
acute bronchiolitis
87
What are the features of epiglottitis?
Fever, sore throat, stridor, sitting upright in a tripod position, drooling of saliva
88
Which virus causes measles?
Paramyxovirus
89
How does measles present?
cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, cranky, koplick spots on the palate and rash starts behind the ears then spread
90
What virus causes Mumps?
Paramyxovirus
91
What causes whooping cough?
Bordetella pertussis
92
What causes croup?
RSV and parainfluenza virus
93
What causes epiglottitis?
Haemophilus influenzae type B
94
What is hypospadius?
Urethral meatus on the ventral surface of the penis. Pee coming out of he wrong place. Repair with foreskin
95
What is primosis?
caused by the foreskin being too tight
96
When should solids be given to babies?
not before 4 months
97
When should skimmed milk be given?
Not before 5
98
When should semi-skimmed milk be given?
not before 2
99
What are tonic clonic seizures associated with?
Epilepsy

Year 2 (10 decks)

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