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Year 2 > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the gluteal muscles?

A

abduction and extension and deep lateral rotation

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2
Q

What is the blood supply to the gluteal region?

A

the superior and inferior gluteal arteries from the internal iliac artery

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3
Q

What are the superficial muscles of the gluteal region and what is their function?

A

Gluteus minimus, maximus and medius as well as tensor fascia lata
Abduction and medial rotation of the leg

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4
Q

What is the function of gluteus maximus?

A

it is the main extensor of the thigh and only used when force is required

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5
Q

What is the innervation to the superficial group of gluteal muscles?

A

inferior gluteal muscle

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6
Q

What will a damaged inferior gluteal muscle cause?

A

a positive trendelenburg test- e.g. hip drop

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7
Q

What are the deep muscles of the gluteal region?

A

Piriformis, Gemelli (superior and inferior), quadratus femoris, obturator internus

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8
Q

What is the function of the deep layer of the gluteal region?

A

lateral rotation and abduction

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9
Q

What passes under the piriformis muscle?

A

The sciatic nerve

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10
Q

What innervates the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

femoral nerve

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11
Q

What does the anterior compartment of the thigh do?

A

extend the leg at the knee

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12
Q

Which set of muscles becomes the quadriceps tendon?

A

quadriceps femoris

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13
Q

What is the role of the quadriceps femoris?

A

it is the main extensor of the knee

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14
Q

What is the longest muscle in the body?

A

Saritorius

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15
Q

What is the function of the muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

hip adductors

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16
Q

What is the blood supply to the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

obturator artery

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17
Q

What is the innervation to the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

obturator artery

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18
Q

What is the function of the posterior compartment of the thigh?

A

extension of the hip and flexion at the knee

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19
Q

What innervates the posterior compartment of the knee?

A

Sciatic nerve

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20
Q

What are the innervations to the thigh?

A

anterior- femoral
Medial- obturator
Posterior- sciatic

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21
Q

What is the function of the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

to dorsiflex and invert the foot at the ankle joint

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22
Q

What is the innervation of the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

deep fibular nerve

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23
Q

What is the blood supply to the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Anterior tibial artery

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24
Q

What is the function of the muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

eversion (turning the sole of the foot outwards)

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25
Q

What is the innervation to the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

Common fibular nerve

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26
Q

What is the function of the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Plantarflexion and inverting the foot

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27
Q

What is the ethmoid bone?

A

it forms part of the roof, lateral walls and septum of the nasal cavity

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28
Q

What are the parts of the ethmoid bone?

A 
perpendicular plate
cribriform plate
crista galli
superior concha
middle concha
ethmoid air cells
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29
Q

What is respiratory epithelium made of?

A

ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells

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30
Q

What epithelium are the nostrils made up of?

A

stratified squamous epithelium

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31
Q

What is the innervation to the sinuses?

A

Top part is innervated by CN V1 and the bottom CN V2

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32
Q

What is the significance of Little’s area?

A

Epitaxis

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33
Q

Which arteries meet at Little’s area?

A

ophthalmic, maxillary and facial artery

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34
Q

What drains below the superior nasal concha?

A

superior meatus

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35
Q

What drains below the middle nasal concha?

A

middle meatus

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36
Q

What drains below the inferior nasal concha?

A

inferior meatus

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37
Q

What lies above the superor nasal concha?

A

the sphenoethmoidal recess

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38
Q

What drains into the inferior meatus?

A

nasolacrimal duct

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39
Q

What is the pterion?

A

where the frontal, parietal, temporal and sphenoid bone come together

40
Q

Where does the olfactory nerve come through?

A

cribiform plate of ethmoid

41
Q

What goes through the optic canal?

A

3 things:
Optic nerve (CN II)
ophthalmic artery
central retinal vein

42
Q

Where does CN III, IV, V and VI go through?

A

As they all have something to do with the eye, they go through the superior orbital fissure

43
Q

Where does the trigeminal nerve go through?

A

V1: superior orbital fissure
V2: foramen rotundum
V3: foramen ovale

44
Q

Where does CN VII and VIII go through?

A

The internal acoustic meatus (think that 8 looks like an ear)

45
Q

Where does CN IX, X and XI pass through?

A

Jugular foramen

46
Q

Where does the middle meningeal artery pass through?

A

Foramen spinosum (think spine)

47
Q

What goes through the foramen magnum?

A

brainstem and meninges, vertebral arteries and spinal roots of CN XI

48
Q

Where does CN XII pass through?

A

hypoglossal canal (it is the hypoglossal nerve after all)

49
Q

Which nerve provides innervation to the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue?

A

facial

50
Q

Which nerve provides innervation to the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue?

A

glossopharyngeal

51
Q

Which nerves pass through the internal acoustic meatus?

A

facial (CN VII) and vestibulocochlear (CN VIII)

52
Q

What is involved in the external ear?

A

auricle to tympanic membrane via external acoustic meatus

53
Q

What is involved in the middle ear?

A

tympanic membrane to the oval window including the ossicles and the eustachian tube

54
Q

What is the name of the glands in the ear that secrete ear wax?

A

ceruminous

55
Q

What is the innervation to the external auditory canal?

A

Vagus and CN V3

56
Q

What is the innervation to the pinna?

A

Facial nerve

57
Q

What does the glossopharyngeal nerve innervate?

A

middle ear cavity, eustachian tube, nasopharynx, oropharynx, tonsils

58
Q

What are the muscles in the middle ear?

A

Stapedius and tensor tympani

59
Q

What is the innervation to the middle ear?

A

glossopharyngeal and facial nerve

60
Q

What kind of joint is between the ossicles?

A

synovial joints

61
Q

What are the ossicles?

A

Malleus, incus and stapes

62
Q

What is the area superior to the tympanic membrane?

A

epitympanic recess

63
Q

Where does the eustachian tube go to?

A

from the middle ear to the nasopharynx

64
Q

What is the innervation to the eustachain tube?

A

Glossopharyngeal

65
Q

What is the innervation to the naso/oro/laryngopharynx?

A

Naso/oro: CN IX

Laryngo: CN X

66
Q

What innervates the orbicularis oculi?

A

CN VII

67
Q

What are the 2 parts of the cochlear duct?

A

scala vestibuli and scala tympani

68
Q

Where does the parotid gland drain?

A

upper 2nd molar

69
Q

Where does the submandibular gland drain?

A

lingual caruncle

70
Q

What are the group of muscles at the neck?

A

Strap muscles

71
Q

What is the adams apple?

A

laryngeal prominence

72
Q

What innervates the muscles of the larynx?

A

vagus nerve

73
Q

What are the tensor muscles of the larynx?

A

cricothyroid muscles- they tense vocal ligament

74
Q

What are the relaxor muscles of the larynx?

A

thyroarytenoid

75
Q

Which muscle controls the eyelid?

A

levator palpebrae superioris

76
Q

Where does the lungs drain back into the venous system?

A

thoracic duct in left brachocephalic vein

77
Q

What roots does the ulnar nerve come from?

A

5, 6 and 7

78
Q

Which nerve is damaged in an orbital blow out frature?

A

CN V2 causing paraesthesia on the left maxilla

79
Q

What nerves are involved in corneal reflex?

A

sensory CN V1, motor: CN VII

80
Q

What is the larynx innervated by?

A

the superior and recurrent laryngeal nerve which are from the vagus nerve

81
Q

What part of the heart does the left anterior descending supply?

A

The anterior surface

82
Q

Where does the pituitary gland lie?

A

pituitary fossa in the sphenoid bone

83
Q

Where does the recurrent laryngeal come from and what is its course?

A

comes from the vagus nerve and hooks under the arch of the aorta

84
Q

Which muscles attach onto the clavicle?

A

Sternocleiodmastoid and biceps brachii

85
Q

What lies anterior to the kidney?

A

liver and spleen.

86
Q

What comes off the aortic arch?

A

brachiocephalic artery, left subclavian artery, left commno carotid

87
Q

Where do veins in the forearm drain to?

A

Axillary nerve

88
Q

What roots does axillary nerve coming from?

A

C5/C6

89
Q

What roots does the ulnar nerve come from?

A

C8/T1

90
Q

What roots does the radial nerve come from?

A

C5,6,7,8,T1

91
Q

Where does lymph in the kidneys drain to?

A

lumbar nodes

92
Q

Where do the kidneys sit?

A

left: T12-L2
Right: L1-L3

93
Q

What is within the renal hilum?

A

renal artery, renal vein, ureter

94
Q

Where does lymph from the ureters drain?

A

Lumbar nodes and iliac nodes

95
Q

What is the large fan shaped pectorial muscle?

A

Pectorialis major

96
Q

Which nerve innervates the deltoid?

A

Axillary nerve

Year 2 (10 decks)

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