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Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the gluteal muscles?

A

abduction and extension and deep lateral rotation

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2
Q

What is the blood supply to the gluteal region?

A

the superior and inferior gluteal arteries from the internal iliac artery

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3
Q

What are the superficial muscles of the gluteal region and what is their function?

A

Gluteus minimus, maximus and medius as well as tensor fascia lata
Abduction and medial rotation of the leg

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4
Q

What is the function of gluteus maximus?

A

it is the main extensor of the thigh and only used when force is required

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5
Q

What is the innervation to the superficial group of gluteal muscles?

A

inferior gluteal muscle

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6
Q

What will a damaged inferior gluteal muscle cause?

A

a positive trendelenburg test- e.g. hip drop

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7
Q

What are the deep muscles of the gluteal region?

A

Piriformis, Gemelli (superior and inferior), quadratus femoris, obturator internus

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8
Q

What is the function of the deep layer of the gluteal region?

A

lateral rotation and abduction

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9
Q

What passes under the piriformis muscle?

A

The sciatic nerve

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10
Q

What innervates the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

femoral nerve

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11
Q

What does the anterior compartment of the thigh do?

A

extend the leg at the knee

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12
Q

Which set of muscles becomes the quadriceps tendon?

A

quadriceps femoris

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13
Q

What is the role of the quadriceps femoris?

A

it is the main extensor of the knee

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14
Q

What is the longest muscle in the body?

A

Saritorius

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15
Q

What is the function of the muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

hip adductors

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16
Q

What is the blood supply to the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

obturator artery

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17
Q

What is the innervation to the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

obturator artery

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18
Q

What is the function of the posterior compartment of the thigh?

A

extension of the hip and flexion at the knee

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19
Q

What innervates the posterior compartment of the knee?

A

Sciatic nerve

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20
Q

What are the innervations to the thigh?

A

anterior- femoral
Medial- obturator
Posterior- sciatic

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21
Q

What is the function of the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

to dorsiflex and invert the foot at the ankle joint

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22
Q

What is the innervation of the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

deep fibular nerve

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23
Q

What is the blood supply to the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Anterior tibial artery

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24
Q

What is the function of the muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

eversion (turning the sole of the foot outwards)

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25
What is the innervation to the lateral compartment of the leg?
Common fibular nerve
26
What is the function of the posterior compartment of the leg?
Plantarflexion and inverting the foot
27
What is the ethmoid bone?
it forms part of the roof, lateral walls and septum of the nasal cavity
28
What are the parts of the ethmoid bone?
``` perpendicular plate cribriform plate crista galli superior concha middle concha ethmoid air cells ```
29
What is respiratory epithelium made of?
ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells
30
What epithelium are the nostrils made up of?
stratified squamous epithelium
31
What is the innervation to the sinuses?
Top part is innervated by CN V1 and the bottom CN V2
32
What is the significance of Little's area?
Epitaxis
33
Which arteries meet at Little's area?
ophthalmic, maxillary and facial artery
34
What drains below the superior nasal concha?
superior meatus
35
What drains below the middle nasal concha?
middle meatus
36
What drains below the inferior nasal concha?
inferior meatus
37
What lies above the superor nasal concha?
the sphenoethmoidal recess
38
What drains into the inferior meatus?
nasolacrimal duct
39
What is the pterion?
where the frontal, parietal, temporal and sphenoid bone come together
40
Where does the olfactory nerve come through?
cribiform plate of ethmoid
41
What goes through the optic canal?
3 things: Optic nerve (CN II) ophthalmic artery central retinal vein
42
Where does CN III, IV, V and VI go through?
As they all have something to do with the eye, they go through the superior orbital fissure
43
Where does the trigeminal nerve go through?
V1: superior orbital fissure V2: foramen rotundum V3: foramen ovale
44
Where does CN VII and VIII go through?
The internal acoustic meatus (think that 8 looks like an ear)
45
Where does CN IX, X and XI pass through?
Jugular foramen
46
Where does the middle meningeal artery pass through?
Foramen spinosum (think spine)
47
What goes through the foramen magnum?
brainstem and meninges, vertebral arteries and spinal roots of CN XI
48
Where does CN XII pass through?
hypoglossal canal (it is the hypoglossal nerve after all)
49
Which nerve provides innervation to the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue?
facial
50
Which nerve provides innervation to the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue?
glossopharyngeal
51
Which nerves pass through the internal acoustic meatus?
facial (CN VII) and vestibulocochlear (CN VIII)
52
What is involved in the external ear?
auricle to tympanic membrane via external acoustic meatus
53
What is involved in the middle ear?
tympanic membrane to the oval window including the ossicles and the eustachian tube
54
What is the name of the glands in the ear that secrete ear wax?
ceruminous
55
What is the innervation to the external auditory canal?
Vagus and CN V3
56
What is the innervation to the pinna?
Facial nerve
57
What does the glossopharyngeal nerve innervate?
middle ear cavity, eustachian tube, nasopharynx, oropharynx, tonsils
58
What are the muscles in the middle ear?
Stapedius and tensor tympani
59
What is the innervation to the middle ear?
glossopharyngeal and facial nerve
60
What kind of joint is between the ossicles?
synovial joints
61
What are the ossicles?
Malleus, incus and stapes
62
What is the area superior to the tympanic membrane?
epitympanic recess
63
Where does the eustachian tube go to?
from the middle ear to the nasopharynx
64
What is the innervation to the eustachain tube?
Glossopharyngeal
65
What is the innervation to the naso/oro/laryngopharynx?
Naso/oro: CN IX | Laryngo: CN X
66
What innervates the orbicularis oculi?
CN VII
67
What are the 2 parts of the cochlear duct?
scala vestibuli and scala tympani
68
Where does the parotid gland drain?
upper 2nd molar
69
Where does the submandibular gland drain?
lingual caruncle
70
What are the group of muscles at the neck?
Strap muscles
71
What is the adams apple?
laryngeal prominence
72
What innervates the muscles of the larynx?
vagus nerve
73
What are the tensor muscles of the larynx?
cricothyroid muscles- they tense vocal ligament
74
What are the relaxor muscles of the larynx?
thyroarytenoid
75
Which muscle controls the eyelid?
levator palpebrae superioris
76
Where does the lungs drain back into the venous system?
thoracic duct in left brachocephalic vein
77
What roots does the ulnar nerve come from?
5, 6 and 7
78
Which nerve is damaged in an orbital blow out frature?
CN V2 causing paraesthesia on the left maxilla
79
What nerves are involved in corneal reflex?
sensory CN V1, motor: CN VII
80
What is the larynx innervated by?
the superior and recurrent laryngeal nerve which are from the vagus nerve
81
What part of the heart does the left anterior descending supply?
The anterior surface
82
Where does the pituitary gland lie?
pituitary fossa in the sphenoid bone
83
Where does the recurrent laryngeal come from and what is its course?
comes from the vagus nerve and hooks under the arch of the aorta
84
Which muscles attach onto the clavicle?
Sternocleiodmastoid and biceps brachii
85
What lies anterior to the kidney?
liver and spleen.
86
What comes off the aortic arch?
brachiocephalic artery, left subclavian artery, left commno carotid
87
Where do veins in the forearm drain to?
Axillary nerve
88
What roots does axillary nerve coming from?
C5/C6
89
What roots does the ulnar nerve come from?
C8/T1
90
What roots does the radial nerve come from?
C5,6,7,8,T1
91
Where does lymph in the kidneys drain to?
lumbar nodes
92
Where do the kidneys sit?
left: T12-L2 Right: L1-L3
93
What is within the renal hilum?
renal artery, renal vein, ureter
94
Where does lymph from the ureters drain?
Lumbar nodes and iliac nodes
95
What is the large fan shaped pectorial muscle?
Pectorialis major
96
Which nerve innervates the deltoid?
Axillary nerve

Year 2 (10 decks)

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