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I & P Year 1 > Child Development - Families & Parenting > Flashcards

Child Development - Families & Parenting Flashcards

1
Q

What is the role of Unicef in children’s human rights?

A

They show the minimum expectation of children’s rights

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2
Q

What are the UK laws on parental responsibility relating to the mother?

A

Mother has parental responsibility from birth

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3
Q

What are the UK laws on parental responsibility relating to the father?

A

The father only has parental responsibility if the parents are married at the time of birth

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4
Q

What are the 5 main parental responsibilities?

A
  1. providing a home for the child
  2. protecting and maintaining the child
  3. disciplining the child
  4. choosing and providing the child’s education and determining their religion
  5. agreeing to the child’s medical treatment
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5
Q

Who suggested the different styles of parenting?

A

Baumrind

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6
Q

What influences parenting?

A

The household that the child grows up in as well as the other agencies they interact with, such as school

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7
Q

What are the different styles of parenting?

A
  1. authoritarian
  2. authoritative
  3. permissive
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8
Q

How do authoritarian parents respond to their child?

A

They have very high expectations of their child

They provide very little in the way of feedback and nurturance

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9
Q

What are ideas about behaviour like in authoritarian parenting?

A

Strict ideas about discipline and behaviour that are not open to discussion

Parents do not explain to the child why the rules are applied

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10
Q

How are mistakes dealt with in authoritarian parenting?

A

Mistakes tend to be punished harshly

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11
Q

What is the similarity between authoritarian and authoritative parenting?

A

They share the same ideas about discipline that there are rules and consequences to bad behaviour

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12
Q

What are ideas about behaviour like in authoritative parenting?

A

Concrete ideas about discipline and behaviour but they are explained and discussed with the child

The child understands why the rules are applied

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13
Q

How do authoritative parents respond to their children?

A

They respond to their emotional needs whilst having high standards

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14
Q

How do authoritative parents support their child’s autonomy?

A

They set limits and are consistent in enforcing boundaries

But they allow the children to make choices when it comes to small decisions

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15
Q

What are the consequences for the child of having authoritative parents?

A

They tend to be more socially competent and show better academic achievement

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16
Q

How do permissive parents respond to their children?

A

They are very loving but have very few rules

Parents do not expect mature behaviour from their children and often appear as more of a ‘friend’

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17
Q

What are the ideas about behaviour in permissive parenting?

A

Ideas about discipline and behaviour are very relaxed

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18
Q

What is Maccoby & Martin’s theory?

A

There is demanding and undemanding parenting as well as responsive and unresponsive parenting

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19
Q

What is meant by demanding parenting?

A

There is a set of rules which help to control behaviour

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20
Q

What is meant by undemanding parenting?

A

There are no behavioural rules to follow

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21
Q

According to Maccoby and Martin, what are the 4 types of parenting?

A

authoritative
permissive
authoritarian
uninvolved

22
Q

What is meant by the responsiveness of parenting?

A

This is the psychological response to the child

It involves listening to them and understanding what they need/want

23
Q

How does an uninvolved parent respond to their child?

A

There is a lack of responsiveness to the child’s needs

They make few or no demands of their children and are often indifferent or dismissive

24
Q

What is chastisement?

A

The act of scolding or punishing someone

25
Q

What does the English law state about chastisement?

A

Parents have the right to make choices about reasonable punishments

Anyone employed privately by the parent may smack a child with parental permission

26
Q

Under what circumstances is a smack determined reasonable chastisement?

A

If it is open-handed

It is administered on a part of the body that will not cause harm

It is not severe enough to leave a mark

27
Q

What are the 5 guidelines for parents?

A
  1. be united
  2. be clear
  3. be consistent
  4. be flexible
  5. be loving
28
Q

What is meant by ‘being united’?

A

adults should agree and support each other’s decisions

29
Q

What is meant by ‘being clear’?

A

rules and expectations should be agreed on in advance

30
Q

What is meant by ‘being consistent’?

A

sticking to what has been agreed and knowing “no” means no

31
Q

What is meant by ‘being flexible’?

A

as the child gets older, the rules may need to change

32
Q

What is meant by ‘being loving’?

A

The child should know that rules are there because you love them and want what is best for them

33
Q

How do most people learn to parent?

A

Through being parented themselves

They know what experiences they liked and didn’t like and what they don’t want to expose their children to

34
Q

How many families are in the UK and how many have dependent children?

A

19 million

8 million have dependent children

35
Q

Approximately how many dependent children are there per family?

A

2.2

36
Q

How are dependent children defined?

A
  1. living at home with their parents
  2. unmarried
  3. financially dependent on parents
  4. of a certain age, but this varies between countries
37
Q

How does education affect the number of dependent children?

A

Education makes children more dependent

They may be dependent up until 25 if they are in full-time education

38
Q

How many households are there in the UK?

Approx how many people per household?

A
  1. 2 million

2. 4 people per household

39
Q

At what age do attachments change in children?

A

Between 6 and 18 months

40
Q

How do children under 2 respond to peers?

A

Early interest in peers

Between 12-18 months, they will touch their mum the most but will look at unfamiliar peers more than their mum

They tend not to interact with peers, but watch and look what they are doing

41
Q

How do children aged 2 and over respond to peers?

A

2 year olds begin to elicit peer attention or imitate them

42
Q

What type of play do 2-4 year olds tend to engage in?

A

solitary play

if they do play in a group, the genders tend to be in proportion

43
Q

What type of play do 5 - 6 year olds tend to engage in?

A

group play with larger groups

groups tend to be single sex

boys tend to play in larger groups and have a more mixed age range

44
Q

How do children aged 12 and over tend to interact with peers?

A

They form cliques or groups which are mixed sex

45
Q

What is sociometry?

A

The study of relationships within a group of people

46
Q

What are the 4 categories of sociometric status?

A

popular, neglected, controversial and rejected

47
Q

How is sociometric status amongst children determined?

A

direct observation - watching the time spent interacting in a group of preschool children

Asking the children who are their 3 most liked and least liked peers

48
Q

How do popular children tend to behave?

A

(lots of most liked, not many least liked)

tend to be socially competent

49
Q

How do controversial children tend to behave?

A

(lots of most liked and least liked)

tend to be dominant characters who are sociable and aggressive

50
Q

How do neglected children tend to behave?

A

(not many most liked or least liked)

tend to be well-adjusted and shy and have one best friend

51
Q

How do rejected children tend to behave?

A

(lots of least liked and not many most liked)

often have poor health outcomes, they are withdrawn and have high aggression

52
Q

What is adolescence?

A

A period of storm, strife and chaos

It is a statement of autonomy as the child decides to be their own person and rejects parenting

I & P Year 1 (21 decks)

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