Child Abuse/Child Witness Lecture

Question 1

The landmark article that identified the “battered child syndrome” was written by:

a. Doctor John Caffey
b. Doctor Frederick Silverman.
c. Doctors Wooley and Evans.
d. Doctor Henry Kempe.
e. Miss Eta Wheeler.

Answer 1

d. Doctor Henry Kempe.

Question 2

All of the following cases involved issues related to the Confrontation Clause of the 6th Amendment except:

a. Landeros v. Flood.
b. Ohio v. Clark.
c. Coy v. Iowa.
d. Maryland v. Craig.

Answer 2

a. Landeros v. Flood.

Question 3

Approximately how many referrals were received by CPS agencies in 2021?

a. 1.5 million.
b. 1.9 million.
c. 2.2 million.
d. 2.9 million.
e. 3.9 million.

Answer 3

e. 3.9 million.

Question 4

Which age child has the greatest risk of being a victim of child abuse?

a. Zero to 1.
b. 2-4
c. 5-8
d. 9-12
e. >12

Answer 4

a. Zero to 1.

Question 5

Which of the following is true regarding the “Manny Morales” study and questioning of preschoolers?

a. Children interviewed with Mcmartin techniques rarely (Less than 5%) made false accusations.
b. Preschool children made memory recall errors only after faulty questioning techniques were used for the last one hour.
c. Children demonstrated error rates up to 60% of the time within 5 minutes of poor questioning techniques.
d. Children, reinforced with social incentives, did not acquiesce and recall false events.

Answer 5

c. Children demonstrated error rates up to 60% of the time within 5 minutes of poor questioning techniques.

Question 6

Which federal statute passed in 1980, requires states to make reasonable efforts to prevent moral and maltreated children from parental custody.

a. Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Act.
b. Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act.
c. Adoption and Safe Families Act.

Answer 6

a. Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Act.

Question 7

Which federal statute requires that a permanency plan be made within 12 months of a child’s entry into foster care and also sets rules on the termination of parental rights?

a. Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Act.
b. Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act.
c. Adoption and Safe Families Act.

Answer 7

c. Adoption and Safe Families Act.

Question 8

Which federal statute created the National Center on Child Abuse and Neglect?

a. Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Act.
b. Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act.
c. Adoption and Safe Families Act.

Answer 8

b. Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act.

Question 9

The most common form of reported abuse is:

a. Neglect
b. Physical abuse.
c. Sexual abuse.
d. Emotional abuse.

Answer 9

a. Neglect

Question 10

All of the following are true regarding child abuse except:

a. Approximately 52% of perpetrators are female and 47% are male.
b. Burn injuries are the most common type of physical abuse injury.
c. Head trauma is the most common cause of child abuse deaths.
d. Child fatalities are most commonly caused by one or more parents.

Answer 10

b. Burn injuries are the most common type of physical abuse injury.

Question 11

Under the Crawford rule, which of the following is the best answer?

a. Testimonial hearsay statements made by a child are excluded, even if a child appears in court.
b. Crawford overturns the holding in Maryland v. Craig.
c. A child’s answers to a police officer’s questions about alleged abuse are likely to be determined by a court as testimonial in nature.
d. Crawford does not apply to child witnesses.
e. None of the above are correct.

Answer 11

c. A child’s answers to a police officer’s questions about alleged abuse are likely to be determined by a court as testimonial in nature.

Question 12

The use of anatomical dolls and sex abuse evaluations has:

a. Been shown as very helpful in eliciting more accurate information from children aged 3 or less.
b. Consistently demonstrated that only children who have been sexually abused play with the dolls in a sexually inappropriate manner.
c. Has non specific findings that do not allow conclusions to be made regarding whether or not a child has been sexually abused.
d. Increase the likelihood that children exposed to the dolls will sexually abuse others.

Answer 12

c. Has non specific findings that do not allow conclusions to be made regarding whether or not a child has been sexually abused.

Question 13

Which of the following is the best answer in the case of Landeros v. Flood?

a. A young girl was injured by her father after being evaluated by a social worker for possible child abuse.
b. The California Supreme Court held that physicians were expected to diagnose child abuse.
c. The fact that criminal conduct by the mother occurred after the doctor evaluated a young infant, excused the doctor from failing to diagnose child abuse.
d. Doctor Flood made a report to Child Protective Services who failed to investigate the allegation of possible abuse.

Answer 13

b. The California Supreme Court held that physicians were expected to diagnose child abuse.

Question 14

All the following are correct in the case of Deshaney v. Winnebago County. DSS Except:

a. Joshua Deshaney was severely beaten by his father, resulting in permanent brain damage.
b. Although the Department of Social Services had received complaints that Joshua was beaten by his father, they failed to remove him from his father’s care.
c. The United States Supreme Court held that the failure to remove Joshua from his father’s care after his father was known to severely beat him violated the 8th Amendment’s prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment.
d. The United States Supreme Court held that the DSS’s Failure to provide Joshua with adequate protection against his father’s violence did not violate his rights under the substantive due process clause of the 14th Amendment.

Answer 14

c. The United States Supreme Court held that the failure to remove Joshua from his father’s care after his father was known to severely beat him violated the 8th Amendment’s prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment.

Question 15

The standard of proof required for termination of parental rights:

a. Was articulated by the case of Kramer v. Kramer.
b. Is preponderance of the evidence.
c. Is beyond a reasonable doubt.
d. Is clear and convincing evidence.
e. None of the above.

Answer 15

d. Is clear and convincing evidence.

Question 16

Which of the following statements is correct regarding children’s competency to testify?

a. Rule 601 abolished the special requirement that children be shown competent to testify.
b. Children under the age of seven are presumed incompetent to testify.
c. Children under the age of 10 are presumed incompetent to testify.
d. Children under the age of 12 are presumed incompetent to testify.
e. Children are not required to understand the meaning of an oath to tell the truth in order to allow their testimony into court.

Answer 16

a. Rule 601 abolished the special requirement that children be shown competent to testify.

Question 17

In which case did the United States Supreme Court hold that the use of one-way closed-circuit television procedures may be necessary and permissible to protect the welfare of a child if the state makes an adequate showing of necessity that would protect the child from the trauma of testifying?

a. Kentucky v. Stincer.
b. Coy v. Iowa.
c. Maryland v. Craig.
d. Tome v. United States.
e. Idaho v. Wright.

Answer 17

c. Maryland v. Craig.

Question 18

All of the following are correct in the case of People v. Stritzinger, except:

a. Mr. Stritzinger was accused of molesting his stepdaughter.
b. Mr. Stritzinger provided additional information regarding his abuse of his stepdaughter during group therapy.
c. Mr. Stritzinger appealed his conviction on grounds that his Sixth Amendment rights had been violated due to the failure of his stepdaughter to testify at his trial.
d. The court held that Doctor Walker was under no statutory obligation to report information that she subsequently learned from Mr. Stritzinger after she had already reported him to CPS.

Answer 18

b. Mr. Stritzinger provided additional information regarding his abuse of his stepdaughter during group therapy.

Question 19

Which of the following is correct on how children report sexual abuse to others:

a. Most children recant sexual abuse allegations during a forensic interview.
b. Most children deny sexual abuse allegations during a forensic interview.
c. Denial and recantation are uncommon in children undergoing a forensic interview for sexual abuse allegations.
d. Children very rarely delay discourse of abuse.

Answer 19

c. Denial and recantation are uncommon in children undergoing a forensic interview for sexual abuse allegations.

Question 20

What invention played a significant role in detecting child abuse?

Answer 20

The X-Ray

Question 21

Who developed the concept of “The Battered Child Syndrome?”

Answer 21

Henry Kempe - 1962

Question 22

What federal legislation defined child abuse?

Answer 22

The Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA)

Question 23

Under CAPTA, what are the four types of child maltreatment?

Answer 23

Physical abuse
Sexual Abuse
Emotional Abuse
Neglect

Question 24

What is the most common reported form of abuse?

Answer 24

Neglect usually occurs between the ages of 0 and 1and by the parent

Question 25

What is the most common type of physical abuse injury?

Answer 25

skin injury

Question 26

What is the most common cause of death from child abuse?

Answer 26

Neurologic Injuries/Head Trauma

Question 27

What are the types of child neglect?

Answer 27

Physical, Educational, Emotional, and Child Endangerment

Question 28

What type of abuse is a stronger predictor of a wide array of problems, including behavioral, social impairment, poor self-esteem, suicidal behavior, and psychiatric comorbidity?

Answer 28

Emotional abuse

Question 29

What is the standard for reporting child abuse?

Answer 29

A reasonable cause to know, suspect, or believe. Immune if the report was reasonable and made in good faith.

Question 30

What was the issue and holding in Landeros v. Flood (1976)?

Answer 30

Were physicians expected to diagnose child abuse? Yes

Question 31

What was the issue and holding in DeShaney v. Winnebago County DSS (USSC, 1989)

Answer 31

DSS did not remove the child from an abusive home. Did failure to remove the child violate the child's substantive Due Process Clause of the 14th Amendment? No, it did not. There is no duty to protect unless the child is in custody.

Question 32

What was the issue and holding in Santosky v. Kramer (1982)?

Answer 32

What was the standard of proof to terminate parental rights? Clear and convincing (75%)

Question 33

What are the three key components of memory?

Answer 33

Encoding; storing; retreiving

Question 34

What are the common memory errors when evaluating children?

Answer 34

1. Errors of omission - failure to recall or endorse an event 2. Errors of commission - endorsing something that did not occur 3. Recognition memory - least complex, recognizes objects, as low as 3 y/o 4. Recall memory - reconstructing what a person saw or experienced

Question 35

What is the most common error in preschoolers?

Answer 35

Omission errors

Question 36

What are the "McMartin Factors" that lead to false/misleading interviews?"

Answer 36

1. Suggestive/leading questions - introducing new information into an interview when the child has not already provided that information in the same interview. 2. Asked-and-Answered - asking the child a question that she or he has already unambiguously answered in the immediately preceding portion of the interview. 3. Inviting Speculation - asking the child to offer opinions or speculation about past events, or framing the child's task during the interview as using imagination or solving a mystery. 4. "Other people" - telling the child that the interviewer has already received information from another person regarding the topics of the interview. 5. Positive and Negative Consequences - encouraging or criticizing based on responses.

Question 37

What were the findings in the Manny Morales Study?

Answer 37

The McMartin techniques resulted in 58% making false accusations. Error rates were 60% Social incentives were more powerful than suggestions alone.

Question 38

What were the findings of the Bruck et al. study (1995)?

Answer 38

1. Preschoolers are often very accurate. 2. Biased interviewers can impact reports 3. The first interview is the most reliable 4. Suggestive interviewing can result in false beliefs that are long-lasting. 5. False reports can be persuasive 6. Record the interview to evaluate bias.

Question 39

What were the findings of the "Sam Stone" study?

Answer 39

The least accurate children were considered to be the most accurate by experts despite the confidence of the professionals in their judgment? So, credibility is not associated with accuracy.

Question 40

Is it common for child sexual abuse victims to delay disclosure?

Answer 40

yes Denial and recantation are not common.