child abuse

Question 1

What is diff about retinal hemorrhages seen in abusive head trauma vs falls?

Answer 1

TOO MANY TO COUNT, few in others

Question 2

_ and _ are diagnostic of sexual abuse, but not TV

Answer 2

GC and CT

Question 3

_____ and ____ are categorized as ‘highly suspicious’ but not diagnostic for sexual abuse.

Answer 3

TV and genital herpes

Question 4

______ causes ______ ________ and is considered ‘suspicious’ for abuse

Answer 4

Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes genital warts

Question 5

_____fractures are the result of either ____ forces generated when a child is aggressively pulled or from shearing forces when a child is violently shaken and the arms or legs flail back and forth

Answer 5

Metaphyseal , traction

Question 6

What fx results from axial loading on the lower leg bones

Answer 6

buckle fracture.

Question 7

what is the peak incidence of abusive head trauma?

Answer 7

between 2 and 6 months

Question 8

what is being shown in the picture?

Answer 8

white: acute fx
Black: healing fx

Question 9

what age may seek treatment for sexual related conditions without parental permission

Answer 9

adolescents older than 13 years of age may seek treatment for sexual related conditions without parental permission

Question 10

MCC form of child abuse

Answer 10

Neglect, two-thirds of all forms of abuse.

Question 11

Water temperature must be at least ____ºF before children begin to sustain injuries. Most people bathe comfortably at 101 to 102°F. By 112°F, bath water is sensed as painful.

Answer 11

130

Question 12

Water temperature must be at least 130ºF before children begin to sustain injuries. Most people bathe comfortably at ___ to ____°F. By 112°F, bath water is sensed as painful.

Answer 12

101-102

Question 13

Water temperature must be at least 130ºF before children begin to sustain injuries. Most people bathe comfortably at 101 to 102°F. By P__°F, bath water is sensed as painful.

Answer 13

112

Question 14

T/F Socioeconomic status and ethnicity have not been consistently associated with increased risk of child sexual abuse.

Answer 14

True

Question 15

sex abuse risk factors

Answer 15

-females, children between the ages 7 and 13 years, and those who are experiencing other forms of abuse.

-Children who are living apart from their parents, or who are in conflict with or emotionally isolated from their parents, are also at increased risk, as are those who are shy, loners, or disabled, either mentally or physically.

-Finally, maternal history of sexual abuse or parents suffering with substance abuse or mental illness also place children at high risk for sexual abuse

Question 16

What is being shown here? (white/black arrows)
*Abusive head trauma

Answer 16

white: chronic
black: acute
(subdural hemorrhages)

Question 17

SIDS occurs most commonly b/w what ages, and what % by 6 months?

Answer 17

between the ages of 1 to 5 months, with 90% by 6 months

Question 18

WHat does frenulum tear represent?

Answer 18

Abuse

Question 19

What is a sentinel injury in abuse?

Answer 19

the most common of which were a bruise (80%), a torn frenulum (11%), or a fracture (7%). 95% of these injuries occurred before 7 months of age.

-Of abused infants, almost 30% had a previous sentinel injury,

Question 20

if there is an isolated linear skull fracture consistent with the reported mechanism of injury, no evidence of intracranial injury on CT scan (bleeding, contusions, axonal injuries), and when the neurological exam is normal, THEN what is NOT needed?

Answer 20

An ophthalmologic exam is no longer recommended

Question 21

Risk factors for sex traffic

Answer 21

prior CPS involvement, other historical risk factors include prior sexual or physical abuse, illicit drug use, mental illness or behavioral problems, family dysfunction, running away, and involvement in the juvenile system.

Question 22

T/F Adolescent victims of sex trafficking are considered prostitutes and can be arrested for prostitution

Answer 22

False (they aren’t and they can’t)

Question 23

Moderate specificity fx (for child abuse)

Answer 23

multiple fractures and fractures of different ages. .

Question 24

High specificty fx ( for child abuse)

Answer 24

metaphyseal fractures and rib fractures. Moderate specificity fractures include multiple fractures and fractures of different ages. Low specificity fractures include long bone fractures and linear skull fractures.

Question 25

Low specificity fractures (for child abuse)

Answer 25

include long bone fractures and linear skull fractures