child abuse Flashcards
What is diff about retinal hemorrhages seen in abusive head trauma vs falls?
TOO MANY TO COUNT, few in others
_ and _ are diagnostic of sexual abuse, but not TV
GC and CT
_____ and ____ are categorized as ‘highly suspicious’ but not diagnostic for sexual abuse.
TV and genital herpes
______ causes ______ ________ and is considered ‘suspicious’ for abuse
Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes genital warts
_____fractures are the result of either ____ forces generated when a child is aggressively pulled or from shearing forces when a child is violently shaken and the arms or legs flail back and forth
Metaphyseal , traction
What fx results from axial loading on the lower leg bones
buckle fracture.
what is the peak incidence of abusive head trauma?
between 2 and 6 months
what is being shown in the picture?
white: acute fx
Black: healing fx
what age may seek treatment for sexual related conditions without parental permission
adolescents older than 13 years of age may seek treatment for sexual related conditions without parental permission
MCC form of child abuse
Neglect, two-thirds of all forms of abuse.
Water temperature must be at least ____ºF before children begin to sustain injuries. Most people bathe comfortably at 101 to 102°F. By 112°F, bath water is sensed as painful.
130
Water temperature must be at least 130ºF before children begin to sustain injuries. Most people bathe comfortably at ___ to ____°F. By 112°F, bath water is sensed as painful.
101-102
Water temperature must be at least 130ºF before children begin to sustain injuries. Most people bathe comfortably at 101 to 102°F. By P__°F, bath water is sensed as painful.
112
T/F Socioeconomic status and ethnicity have not been consistently associated with increased risk of child sexual abuse.
True
sex abuse risk factors
-females, children between the ages 7 and 13 years, and those who are experiencing other forms of abuse.
-Children who are living apart from their parents, or who are in conflict with or emotionally isolated from their parents, are also at increased risk, as are those who are shy, loners, or disabled, either mentally or physically.
-Finally, maternal history of sexual abuse or parents suffering with substance abuse or mental illness also place children at high risk for sexual abuse
What is being shown here? (white/black arrows)
*Abusive head trauma
white: chronic
black: acute
(subdural hemorrhages)
SIDS occurs most commonly b/w what ages, and what % by 6 months?
between the ages of 1 to 5 months, with 90% by 6 months
WHat does frenulum tear represent?
Abuse
What is a sentinel injury in abuse?
the most common of which were a bruise (80%), a torn frenulum (11%), or a fracture (7%). 95% of these injuries occurred before 7 months of age.
-Of abused infants, almost 30% had a previous sentinel injury,
if there is an isolated linear skull fracture consistent with the reported mechanism of injury, no evidence of intracranial injury on CT scan (bleeding, contusions, axonal injuries), and when the neurological exam is normal, THEN what is NOT needed?
An ophthalmologic exam is no longer recommended
Risk factors for sex traffic
prior CPS involvement, other historical risk factors include prior sexual or physical abuse, illicit drug use, mental illness or behavioral problems, family dysfunction, running away, and involvement in the juvenile system.
T/F Adolescent victims of sex trafficking are considered prostitutes and can be arrested for prostitution
False (they aren’t and they can’t)
Moderate specificity fx (for child abuse)
multiple fractures and fractures of different ages. .
High specificty fx ( for child abuse)
metaphyseal fractures and rib fractures. Moderate specificity fractures include multiple fractures and fractures of different ages. Low specificity fractures include long bone fractures and linear skull fractures.
