Chest Pain

Question 1

What is the relationship between the SVR & BP with the sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 1

Sympathetic nerves decrease peripheral blood vessel diameter thereby increasing systemic vascular resistance and increasing blood pressure.

Question 2

Normal pathway of electrical conduction through the heart

Answer 2

SAN, contraction of atria, AVN, Bundle of His, Purkine fibres, contraction of ventricles

Question 3

What is pulmonary oedema in the presence of a normal central venous pressure is a sign of?

Answer 3

left heart failure

Question 4

What is the purpose of the Ductus Arteriosus in the foetal cardiovascular system?

Answer 4

allow blood to bypass the foetal lungs by shunting it from the Pulmonary Artery to the Aorta

Question 5

What is severe pulmonary hypertension is a cause of?

Answer 5

right heart failure (have to pump harder)

Question 6

What blood vessel supplies the largest bit of heart muscle?

Answer 6

Left main coronary artery

Question 7

Symptoms of biventricular failure

Answer 7

Shortness of breath
Severe peripheral oedemia
Ascites

(after a heart attack)

Question 8

Stroke volume average

Answer 8

70ml

Question 9

Equation for EDV

Answer 9

EDV = ESV + SV

Question 10

What is mitral valve stenosis caused by?

Answer 10

Increase in left atrial end-systolic pressure

Question 11

CO equation

Answer 11

CO = SV x HR

Question 12

Which nerve innervates the pericardium?

Answer 12

Phrenic

Question 13

What causes left heart failure?

Answer 13

Increase in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure

Question 14

Do parasympathetic nerves have a major influence on peripheral blood vessel diameter?

Answer 14

No

Question 15

Which artery most frequently supplies the Atrio Ventricular Node?

Answer 15

Right coronary artery

Question 16

What is cardiac output?

Answer 16

Volume of blood ejected by the heart in one minute.

Question 17

What detects change in blood pressure?

Answer 17

Baroreceptor nerves in the carotid sinus detect stretch.

Question 18

What happens in high blood pressure?

Answer 18

Parasympathetics decrease heart rate and stroke volume -> vasodilation -> lower BP

Question 19

Body response to low blood pressure

Answer 19

Sympathetics increase heart rate and stroke volume -> vasoconstriction -> increases blood pressure

Question 20

Long term RAA system

Answer 20

Low blood pressure -> kidneys release renin -> splits angiotensinogen into angiotensin 1 and angiotensin 2 by ACE -> ADH secreted from posterior pituitary, aldosterone secreted from adrenal glands, adrenaline and noradrenaline released which increase vasoconstrictor effect.