CHEST Flashcards
most common of all radiographic
procedures
Chest radiographic examinations
- is the upper portion of the trunk between
the neck and the abdomen
The chest, or thorax
chest is divided into three sections
- bony thorax
- respiratory system proper
- mediastinum.
is the part of the skeletal system that provides a protective framework
bony thorax
- describe parts of the chest consisting of the lungs and the remaining thoracic organs contained in the mediastinum
Thoracic viscera
Three divisions of sternum
- the manubrium - the superior portion is:
- the body - the large center portion is,
- xiphoid process- the smaller inferior portion
bony thorax consist
2 clarivles and scpula, and 12 ribs
the two important landmarks of chest
vertebra prominens
jugular notch
important landmark for determining the central ray (CR) location on a posteroanterior (PA) chest projection.
- vertebra P(a)rominens(c7)
- important landmark for determining the CR placement on anteroposterior (AP) chest projections
- jugular notch
- corresponds to the level of T9 or T10,
Xiphoid process (tip)
- The inferior tip of the sternum
Xiphoid process
is the exchange of gaseous substances between the air we breathe and the bloodstream.
Respiration
Four general divisions of the respiratory system:
- pharynx
- trachea
- bronchi
- lungs
- primary muscle of inspiration
diaphragm
- half of the diaphragm is called
hemidiaphragm
passageway that is important to because air must pass through it before entering the respiratory system,
Pharynx
posterior area between the nose and mouth above and the larynx and esophagus below.
pharynx
- is NOT considered part of the respiratory system.
Pharynx
The pharynx has three divisions
- nasopharynx
- oropharynx
- laryngopharynx
- The lower posterior aspect of the soft palate
uvula
- this marks the boundary between the nasopharynx and the oropharynx
uvula
prevents food and fluid from entering the larynx and bronchi.
Epiglottis
Additional structures of respiratory system
- the hyoid bone
- thyroid cartilage of the larynx (Adam’s apple),
- thyroid gland
- trachea
cagelike, cartilaginous structure that is approximately 1 ½ to 2 inches (4 to 5 cm) in length in an adult.
larynx
serves as the organ of voice.
Larynx
- upper margin of the larynx is at the approximate
level of C3.
- Its lower margin, where the larynx joins with the trachea, is at the
level of C6.
size of trachea
about ¾ inch (2 cm) in diameter and 4 ½ inches(11 cm) long
how many rings of cartilage has in the trachea
20
Glands located near the respiratory system:
- thyroid,
- parathyroid
- thymus glands.
is located just inferior to the thyroid gland
The thymus gland
NOTE
The right primary bronchus is wider and shorter than the left bronchus.
The angle of divergence of the right bronchus is only
25°.
The divergent angle of the left primary bronchus is approximately
37
HOY MANY AVEOLI IN THE LUNGS
500-700 MILLION
comprises the two large, spongy lungs, which are located on each side of thehoracic cavity
Lungs
separates the inferior and middle lobes
Oblique fissure
- separates the superior and middle lobes.
horizontal fissure
composed the lungs and is described as a light, spongy, highly elastic substance
Parenchyma
- a delicate double-walled sac, or membrane in the lungs
Pleura
Occurs when Air or gas present in this pleural cavity,
Pneumothorax
- Accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity (pleural effusion)
hemothorax
the rounded upper area OF LUNGS above the level of the clavicles.
apex
True or False: The thyroid and parathyroid glands, as described are not considered mediastinal structures because they are located more superiorly and are not within the mediastinum
True
is a large vein that returns blood to the heart from the upper half of the body
superior vena cava
- is a large vein that returns blood from the lower half of the body.
The inferior vena cava
- is the largest artery in the body
aorta
within the mediastinum, separates into the right and left primary and secondary bronchi
trachea
3 parts of aorta
ascending
descending
arch
functions primarily during childhood and puberty to aid with the functioning of certain body immune systems that help the body resist disease.
thymus glandm
