Cherries Flashcards
Which are the three most important countries for sweet cherries production in the world?
Turkey, USA, Iran
Which are the three most important countries for sweet cherries production in the EU?
Iran, Spain, Greece
Which are the most important exporters for sweet cherries?
Chile , Hong Kong , USA, Turkey
What are the scientific names of sweet cherries and sour cherries?
Sweet cherry: Prunus avium, Sour cherry: Prunus cerasus
Which is the most important cherry cultivar in Turkey and why?
0900 Ziraat - 70-80%, adaptable to different locations, altitudes, climates, ripens at different times, suitable for long transport, resistant to rain cracking. Available for 60-80 days during cherry season.
What is the difference between duroni (bigarreaux) and common cherries?
Duroni have firmer flesh compared to soft flesh cherries.
What are the breeding aims for sweet cherry?
Elongation of ripening calendar, fruit size >28mm, fruit firmness, skin and flesh color, high sugar content and flavor.
Name some important early cultivars of sweet cherry.
Rita, Rivedel, Burlat, Paiunibo
Name some important intermediate-early cultivars of sweet cherry.
Giorgia, Grace star, Tulare, Van
Name some important intermediate-late cultivars of sweet cherry.
Black star, Ferrovia, Lambert, Kordia, Bing
Name some important late cultivars of sweet cherry.
Lapins, Skeena, Regina
Which rootstocks are more suitable for vigor control in cherry?
Gisela 5, Gisela 6
Which rootstock is more drought tolerant?
Mahaleb
Which rootstock is more tolerant to waterlogging?
CAB 6P
What is the translocation dynamic of carbohydrates in sweet cherries over the season?
All production on spurs with high longevity, C gradient from top branches to fruiting area during ripening, opposite in second part of season.
What is the climatic limit to the expansion of cherry in the subtropical area?
Chilling requirements and humidity tolerance.
What are the causes of cherry cracking and the available contrasting methods?
Causes: humidity, water uptake, temperature changes. Methods: use of plastic covers, mineral sprays, antitranspirants, growth regulators.
What is the effect of protected cultivation on fruit quality?
Limits wetting of soil, increases size slightly, decreases fruit color.
Which training systems are used with dwarfing rootstocks?
UFO, planar bilateral cordon, TS
What are the pruning operations suggested according to the plant vigor?
Vigorous rootstocks: branch thinning. Dwarfing rootstocks: branch heading, stump cut.
What is the main issue in pruning vigorous sweet cherry trees and which technique is used?
Blind woods. Techniques: scoring, removal of buds
What is the recommended amount of N, P, and K fertilizer for sweet cherry?
N: 95 kg/ha, P: 4.5 kg/ha, K: 57 kg/ha
What is the most expensive operation in cherry production and how can growing costs be reduced?
Fruit picking. Factors: dwarfing rootstock, training systems like UFO.
What are the effects of cherry storage and respiration on fruit quality?
Respiration: high, causing skin darkening and loss of flavor. Storage: pedicel shriveling, browning, weight loss, alligator skin, bruising.
