Cherries

Question 1

Which are the three most important countries for sweet cherries production in the world?

Answer 1

Turkey, USA, Iran

Question 2

Which are the three most important countries for sweet cherries production in the EU?

Answer 2

Iran, Spain, Greece

Question 3

Which are the most important exporters for sweet cherries?

Answer 3

Chile , Hong Kong , USA, Turkey

Question 4

What are the scientific names of sweet cherries and sour cherries?

Answer 4

Sweet cherry: Prunus avium, Sour cherry: Prunus cerasus

Question 5

Which is the most important cherry cultivar in Turkey and why?

Answer 5

0900 Ziraat - 70-80%, adaptable to different locations, altitudes, climates, ripens at different times, suitable for long transport, resistant to rain cracking. Available for 60-80 days during cherry season.

Question 6

What is the difference between duroni (bigarreaux) and common cherries?

Answer 6

Duroni have firmer flesh compared to soft flesh cherries.

Question 7

What are the breeding aims for sweet cherry?

Answer 7

Elongation of ripening calendar, fruit size >28mm, fruit firmness, skin and flesh color, high sugar content and flavor.

Question 8

Name some important early cultivars of sweet cherry.

Answer 8

Rita, Rivedel, Burlat, Paiunibo

Question 9

Name some important intermediate-early cultivars of sweet cherry.

Answer 9

Giorgia, Grace star, Tulare, Van

Question 10

Name some important intermediate-late cultivars of sweet cherry.

Answer 10

Black star, Ferrovia, Lambert, Kordia, Bing

Question 11

Name some important late cultivars of sweet cherry.

Answer 11

Lapins, Skeena, Regina

Question 12

Which rootstocks are more suitable for vigor control in cherry?

Answer 12

Gisela 5, Gisela 6

Question 13

Which rootstock is more drought tolerant?

Answer 13

Mahaleb

Question 14

Which rootstock is more tolerant to waterlogging?

Answer 14

CAB 6P

Question 15

What is the translocation dynamic of carbohydrates in sweet cherries over the season?

Answer 15

All production on spurs with high longevity, C gradient from top branches to fruiting area during ripening, opposite in second part of season.

Question 16

What is the climatic limit to the expansion of cherry in the subtropical area?

Answer 16

Chilling requirements and humidity tolerance.

Question 17

What are the causes of cherry cracking and the available contrasting methods?

Answer 17

Causes: humidity, water uptake, temperature changes. Methods: use of plastic covers, mineral sprays, antitranspirants, growth regulators.

Question 18

What is the effect of protected cultivation on fruit quality?

Answer 18

Limits wetting of soil, increases size slightly, decreases fruit color.

Question 19

Which training systems are used with dwarfing rootstocks?

Answer 19

UFO, planar bilateral cordon, TS

Question 20

What are the pruning operations suggested according to the plant vigor?

Answer 20

Vigorous rootstocks: branch thinning. Dwarfing rootstocks: branch heading, stump cut.

Question 21

What is the main issue in pruning vigorous sweet cherry trees and which technique is used?

Answer 21

Blind woods. Techniques: scoring, removal of buds

Question 22

What is the recommended amount of N, P, and K fertilizer for sweet cherry?

Answer 22

N: 95 kg/ha, P: 4.5 kg/ha, K: 57 kg/ha

Question 23

What is the most expensive operation in cherry production and how can growing costs be reduced?

Answer 23

Fruit picking. Factors: dwarfing rootstock, training systems like UFO.

Question 24

What are the effects of cherry storage and respiration on fruit quality?

Answer 24

Respiration: high, causing skin darkening and loss of flavor. Storage: pedicel shriveling, browning, weight loss, alligator skin, bruising.