Apples Flashcards
Which are the 3 most important countries for apple production in the world?
China / USA / EU
Which are the 3 most important countries for apple production in the EU ?
Romania , Italy , Poland
Which are the four most important importer countries for apples?
Germany , Russia , uk , indonesia
Which are the four most important exporter countries for apples?
Chile , usa , Italy , china
How is the fruiting bud in an apple tree characterized?
Mixed buds:vegetative and reproductive meristem. The basal part is vegetative while the apical part is reproductive.
Which are the three most important cultivars of apple in the world?
Golden Delicious , Red Delicious , Gala
Which apple cultivars are most cultivated in Eastern Europe?
Gala, Golden Delicious , Idared , Jinagold, Jonagored
What is the emerging apple cultivar in the US?
Honeycrisp
Which apple cultivars are most suitable for warm areas?
Red Delicious , Golden Delicious
Which apple cultivars are most susceptible to over-coloring issues?
Red cultivars like Fuji / Gala
Which rootstocks are most suitable for vigor control in apple trees?
M27 M9 M26 Bud9
Which rootstock series is recommended for combating apple replant disease?
The Gineva series
G30 G11 Merton793
Which rootstock series is recommended for resistance to woolly apple aphid?
Medium vigorous rootstocks like MM106 MM111 Merton 793
Among dwarfing rootstocks, which provides the best fruit quality?
M9
Among dwarfing rootstocks, which are the most sensitive to winter cold?
M27 M9
What is the range of temperatures that can damage flowers at full bloom in apples?
Lethal temp at full bloom is -3 C (range -2.2 to -3.9)
What is the difference between Solaxe and vertical axis training systems in apple trees?
Vertical axis: conic shape, upper branches shortened and replaced
Solaxe: branches trained to a pendant position , upper part bend horizontally, vegetation inside removed for light penetration
Why are Y trellis and derivative trellis systems poorly used in apple orchards?
Higher costs for materials and training , more expensive than mechanical systems
What pruning operations are suggested during the training of apple trees?
Mainly bending to increase branch renewal and light interception, allowing formation of flower buds
What criteria are used for thinning cut or heading cuts in apple trees?
Vigour growth and fruiting habit. Heading cuts promote vegetative growth in trees with many spurs;thinning cuts reduce density in brindles bearing trees.
How can fruit load be regulated using pruning in apple trees?
Artificial bed extinctions, selecting spurs based on branch size and hand thinning to manage fruit numbers per spur
What is the leaf area most important for fruit yield in apple trees?
Spur leaf area close to the fruit, especially in spur bearing trees.
What are the strategies for apple flower chemical thinning?
Hormone-based chemicals, ethylene releasing compounds, cytokinin and gibberellin mixtures, synthetic auxin, phytotoxicity strategy, insecticides like Carbaryl, and dinitro compounds.
What are the alternative strategies for apple flower thinning besides chemical thinning?
Mechanical thinning, hand thinning, and shading effects to optimize natural flower drop.
