Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Fruits And Nuts > Apples > Flashcards

Apples Flashcards

1
Q

Which are the 3 most important countries for apple production in the world?

A

China / USA / EU

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which are the 3 most important countries for apple production in the EU ?

A

Romania , Italy , Poland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which are the four most important importer countries for apples?

A

Germany , Russia , uk , indonesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which are the four most important exporter countries for apples?

A

Chile , usa , Italy , china

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How is the fruiting bud in an apple tree characterized?

A

Mixed buds:vegetative and reproductive meristem. The basal part is vegetative while the apical part is reproductive.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which are the three most important cultivars of apple in the world?

A

Golden Delicious , Red Delicious , Gala

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which apple cultivars are most cultivated in Eastern Europe?

A

Gala, Golden Delicious , Idared , Jinagold, Jonagored

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the emerging apple cultivar in the US?

A

Honeycrisp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which apple cultivars are most suitable for warm areas?

A

Red Delicious , Golden Delicious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which apple cultivars are most susceptible to over-coloring issues?

A

Red cultivars like Fuji / Gala

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which rootstocks are most suitable for vigor control in apple trees?

A

M27 M9 M26 Bud9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which rootstock series is recommended for combating apple replant disease?

A

The Gineva series
G30 G11 Merton793

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which rootstock series is recommended for resistance to woolly apple aphid?

A

Medium vigorous rootstocks like MM106 MM111 Merton 793

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Among dwarfing rootstocks, which provides the best fruit quality?

A

M9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Among dwarfing rootstocks, which are the most sensitive to winter cold?

A

M27 M9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the range of temperatures that can damage flowers at full bloom in apples?

A

Lethal temp at full bloom is -3 C (range -2.2 to -3.9)

17
Q

What is the difference between Solaxe and vertical axis training systems in apple trees?

A

Vertical axis: conic shape, upper branches shortened and replaced
Solaxe: branches trained to a pendant position , upper part bend horizontally, vegetation inside removed for light penetration

18
Q

Why are Y trellis and derivative trellis systems poorly used in apple orchards?

A

Higher costs for materials and training , more expensive than mechanical systems

19
Q

What pruning operations are suggested during the training of apple trees?

A

Mainly bending to increase branch renewal and light interception, allowing formation of flower buds

20
Q

What criteria are used for thinning cut or heading cuts in apple trees?

A

Vigour growth and fruiting habit. Heading cuts promote vegetative growth in trees with many spurs;thinning cuts reduce density in brindles bearing trees.

21
Q

How can fruit load be regulated using pruning in apple trees?

A

Artificial bed extinctions, selecting spurs based on branch size and hand thinning to manage fruit numbers per spur

22
Q

What is the leaf area most important for fruit yield in apple trees?

A

Spur leaf area close to the fruit, especially in spur bearing trees.

23
Q

What are the strategies for apple flower chemical thinning?

A

Hormone-based chemicals, ethylene releasing compounds, cytokinin and gibberellin mixtures, synthetic auxin, phytotoxicity strategy, insecticides like Carbaryl, and dinitro compounds.

24
Q

What are the alternative strategies for apple flower thinning besides chemical thinning?

A

Mechanical thinning, hand thinning, and shading effects to optimize natural flower drop.

25
Q

What is the range of Kc (crop coefficient) for apples?

A

From 0.45 to 1.20, depending on ground cover and frost conditions

26
Q

Which factors affect the Kc of apple trees?

A

Increasing actual transpiration, canopy size, light interception, and irrigation management.

27
Q

What criterion is used to set the water potential threshold in apple trees?

A

Stem water potential measured on isolated leaves to determine the appropriate irrigation level.

28
Q

What are the recommended amounts of N, P, and K fertilizers for apple trees?

A

N: 90-120 kg/ha, P: 40 kg/ha, K: 90 kg/ha

29
Q

What are the effects of nitrogen over-fertilization in apple trees?

A

Negative effects on yield, reduced annual yield, increased vegetative vigor, and increased fruit defects like russeting.

30
Q

What is the effect of controlled atmosphere (CA) on apple storage?

A

Reduces respiration rate, extends storage time, and prevents disorders like scab under extreme conditions.

31
Q

What is the maximum storage duration for apples, and which cultivars are most suitable for long storage?

A

Maximum storage is 12 months. Suitable cultivars include Granny Smith, Fuji, Idared, Jonagold, and Gala (up to 9 months).

Fruits And Nuts (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions