ChemPath Flashcards
Low Na, Normal Osmo
Pseudo-hyponatraemia
- hyperlipid/hyperprot
hyponat, Urine osmo >20
renal cause hyponat (CKD, diuretics)
hyperpigmentation, Hyponat, hyperkal
Addisons
hyponat with inappropriately high urine osmo
SIADH
hyponat with raised plasma osmo
ethanol, glucose, mannitol
hyperkalaemia + deranged urea/creatinine levels
Renal failure
Hypokalaemia, calcium in urine, hypotension
In babies
Bartter syndro
hypokalaemia with acidosis
renal tubular acidosis
rises in GGT and ALP that are greater than the rises in AST/ALT
cholestasis (from gallstones)
Normal LFTs, isolated rise in unconjugated bilirubinaemia, normal conjugated bilirubinaemia
Gilbert syndro
raised AST and ALT levels (AST:ALT ratio <1), Inc GGT
Normla BIlirubin/albumin
NAFLD
AST and ALT >1000, AST/ALT higher than GGT and ALP
hepatic pathilogy - paracetamol poisoning?
Hyponat, Hyperkal, +ve short synthacthen
Long synthACTHen - cortisol <900 after 24 hrs
primary adrenal insuff (addisons)
hyponat, hyperkal, +ve short synthacth,
Long synACTHen - cortison >900 after 24hrs
secondary adrenal insufficiency
Normal calcium bone studies, isolated rise in ALP
Paget’s