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Pharmacology > Chemotherapy > Flashcards

Chemotherapy Flashcards

1
Q

Antibiotics that inhibit cytoplasmic bacterial (dna gyrase)Topoisomerase II and IV

A

Quinolones

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2
Q

Ciprofloxacin is the drug of choice for

A

anthrax

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3
Q

Possible cardiac complication of fluoroquinolone administration

A

Arrhythmia

often involves a prolonged QT interval

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4
Q

Common ADR of fluoroquinolones

A

Tendonitis
Tendon rupture
Leg cramps
Myalgia

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5
Q

Fluoroquinolones should not be taken simultaneously with antacid medications because they contain

A

metal cations

Impair absorption of the antibiotic

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6
Q

Transfer of DNA between bacteria via bacteriophage

A

Transduction

Staphylococcus aureus

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7
Q

Taking up DNA from resistant Bacteria via environment

A

Transformation

Pneumococci to penicillin G

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8
Q

Transfer of genetic material via sex pilus

A

Conjugation

Escherichia coli to streptomycin

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9
Q

Mechanism of antibacterial resistance

A 
Inactivated enzyme
Efflux pump
Decreased entry
Alterations in binding sites
Absent metabolic pathway
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10
Q

Cross resistance

A

Organism showing antimicrobial resistance may show resistance to related Antimicrobial agents.

2 way:- sulphadiazine…sulphadoxine
1 way:- neomycin—> streptomycin

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11
Q

Superinfection is

A

New infection due to antimicrobial therapy for another infection.
Different causative agents.
Alter normal bacterial flora.

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12
Q

Chloramphenicol in infants may lead to

A

Grey baby syndrome

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13
Q

Sulphonamides to neonates can cause

A

Kernicterus

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14
Q

Genetic abnormality of G6PD defieciency lead to hemolysis on administration of

A

Sulfonamides
Pyrimethamine
Fluoroquinolones
Primaquine

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15
Q

Moa of sulphonamides

A

Competitively inhibit folate synthetase

Inhibit conversion of PABA to dihydrofolic acid.

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16
Q

Sulphonamides cross placental barrier (T/F)

A

T

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17
Q

ADR of sulphonamides

A 
Crystalluria (hematuria, obstruction)
Hypersenstivity(Stenven-Johnson)
Hepatitis
Bone marrow suppression
Kernicterus*(neonate)
Hemolytic anaemia*(g6pd)
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18
Q

Use of sulphadoxine with pyrimethamine

A

Plasmodium falciparum malaria tt(chloroquine resistant)

And sulphadiazine for toxoplasmosis

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19
Q

Silver sulphadiazine used for

A

Burn wounds(silver ions)

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20
Q

Sulphasalazine used for

A

IBD

Arthritis

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21
Q

Eye drops of aulphacetamide used in

A

Ophthalmic infection

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22
Q

Cotrimoxazole ratio

A

5:1
Sulphamethoxazole:trimethoprim

Bactericidal combination of bacteriostatics.(sequential blockade)

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23
Q

Trimethoprim act on

A

Dihydrofolate reductase.
Inhibits
dihyfrofolic acid —>tetrahydrofolic acid

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24
Q

ADR of cotrimoxazole

A 
Skin rash
GiT disturbing
Exfoliative dermatitis (Steven-Johnson)
Glossitis
Stomatitis
Megaloblastic anaemia
Bone marrow suppression
Leukopenia,neutropenia,thrombocytopenia
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25
Q

Uses of cotrimaxazole

A 
UTI (gram negatives)
Bacterial prostatitis
Bronchitis
Maxillary sinusitis
Otitis media
Bac diarrhoea
P.jeroveci infection in HIV
Nocardiosis
Chancroid (H.ducreyi)
26
Q

DOC for bac diarrhoea

A

Fluroquinolones

27
Q

DOC for chancroid (H.ducreyi)

A

Azithromycin

28
Q

Moa of fluoroquinolones

A

Inhibit
DNA gyrase(topoisomerase II) (gram-)
and
Topoisomerase IV (gram+)(separate daughter strand)

29
Q

New fluoroquinolones for gram+ infection

A

Levofloxacin
Gemifloxacin
Moxifloxacin

30
Q

ADR of fluroquinolones

A 
GI
Insomnia convulsions
Confusion and hallucinations
Hypersensitivity (urticaria, eosinophilia, photosensitivity)
Tendonitis
Cartilage damage(children)
QT prolongation (moxifloxacin)
31
Q

Fluroquinolone that causes QT prolonagation

A

Moxifloxacin

32
Q

Uses of fluroquinolones

A 
Uncomplicqted UTI
Bacterial prostatitis
Bac diarrhoea (traveller's diarrhoea)
Typhoid
STD (urethritis, cervicitis)
Skin infection (diabetic foot infection)
MTB
Leprosy
Conjunctivitis
Pneumonia and bronchitis
Anthrax
Neutropenia
33
Q

What is the MOA of all Cephalosporins?

A

Inhibition of Transpeptidase (PBP)

thereby inhibiting the cross-linking of peptidoglycan

34
Q

3rd generation cephalosporin that is avoided in neonates as it competes for bilirubin binding sites on albumin, thereby causing jaundice or exacerbating physiological jaundice.

A

Ceftriaxone

35
Q

The Gl toxicity of Cephalosporins is

A

Pseudomembranous colitis.

36
Q

Co administration of cephalosporin and gentamicin causes

A

Severe Nephrotoxicity

37
Q

ADR of cephalosporins

A 
Hypersensitivity (urticaria,anaphylaxis)
Cross reactivity with penicillin
GIT
iv - thrombophlebitis
Nephrotoxicity
Disulfiram rection(intolerance to alcohol)
Thrombocytopenia
Hypothrombenemia
Platelet dysfunction
38
Q

Advantage of using monobactem

A

Aztreonam
Lack cross reactivity with other beta lactams.

Inhibit bac cell wall synthesis
Only for gram-

39
Q

Drugs for typhoid tt

A

3rd gen cephalosporins (ceftriaxon,cefoperazon)
Fluroquinolones (ciprofloxacin,levofloxacin,ofloxacin)
Azithromycin(multidrug condition)
Chloramphenicol

40
Q

Drugs for MRSA

A 
Clindamycin
Doxycyclin
Minocyclin
Tigecyclin
Linezolid
Vancomycin(VRSA)
Streptogramins
Daptomycin
Ceftaroline(5th gen cephalosporin)
Teicoplanin
41
Q

Drugs for staphylococcus infection

A 
Penicillin
Cephalosporin
Carbepenems
Tigecycline
Aminoglycoside(netilmicin)
Rifampin
And drugs For MRSA
42
Q

Active form of isoniazid

A

Iproniazid

43
Q

Why rifampicin is called as sterilizing agent?

A

As it can act on all types of bacillery subpopulations.
Intracellular
Extracellular
Apurters(in caseous lesion)

44
Q

Rifampicin + doxycycline for tt of

A

Brucellosis

45
Q

Rifampicin + beta lactam for tt of

A

Staph infection
Endocarditis
Osteomylitis

46
Q

Which drug stains the body fluids orange?

A

Rifampicin

47
Q

Uses of rifampicin

A 
TB + chemoprophylaxis
Leprosy
Meningitis(high conc. In nasopharynx)
Staph infection(with beta lactam)
Brucellosis(with doxycyclin)
48
Q

Moa of streptomycin

A

Against extracellular bacilli
Active in alkaline pH
Intramuscular

49
Q

ADR of streptomycin

A

Ototoxicity
Nephrotoxicity
Neuromuscular blockade

50
Q

ADR of rifampicin

A 
Inhibit cyt p450
Hepatotoxicity
Flu like syndrome
GIT
Skin rash
Itching flushing
51
Q

Rifampicin should not be given with certain drugs as it increases thier metabolism

A 
Oral contraceptive
Anticoagulant
Antidiabetics
HIV protease inhibitor
Non-neucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor(NNRTI)
52
Q

Moa of pyrazinamide

A

Active in acidic pH
Intracellular bacilli
Inhibits mycolic acid synthesis by inhibiting fatty acid synthase

53
Q

ADR of pyrazinamide

A

Dose dependant hepatotoxicity
Impair urate excretion (gout)
Hyperuricemia

54
Q

Moa of Ethambutol

A

Inhibit arabinosyl transferases (cell wall synthesis)
Prevent resistance
Faster sputum conversion
No cross resistance

55
Q

ADR of ethambutol

A 
Hyperuricemia(gout)
Optic neuritis
Decreased visual acuity
Colour vision defects(red-green)
Skin rash 
itching 
joint pain
56
Q

ADR of Isoniazid

A 
Hepatotoxicity (rapid acetylators)
Jaundice
Peripheral neuritis (neurotoxicity)
Arthralgia
vit B6 deficiency (anaemia,encephalopathy, peripheral neuropathy)
Drug induced SLE
Psychosis
Convulsions
Metabolic acidosis
Coma
57
Q

Multibacillary leprosy include

A 
Borderline(BB)
Borderline lepromatous(BL)
Lepromatous leprosy(LL)
58
Q

Paucibacillary leprosy involves

A 
Borderline tuberculoid(BT)
Tuberculoid(TT)
Intermediate leprosy(I)
59
Q

Sulphone reaction of Dapsone is characterized by

A 
Fever
Dermatitis
Pruritis
Lymphadenopathy
Methaemoglobinemia
Anaemia
Hepatitis
60
Q

Characteristic side effect of clofazimine

A

Reddish black discolouration on skin
Pigmentation of conjunctiva,cornea
Discolouration of hair,tears,sweat,urine

61
Q

Type 1 lepra reaction

A

Type 4 delayed
Multibacillary + paucibacillary
Inflammation of lesions
Tenderness and pain

Clofazimine
Prednisolone

62
Q

Type 2 lepra reaction

A 
Type 3 arthus type
Erythema nodoaum
Tender cutaneous and subcutaneous nodules
Antigen involved
Thalidomide (not in pregnancy)
Aspirin
Chloroquine
Prednisolone
Clofazimine

Pharmacology (16 decks)

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