chemo Flashcards
neoplasia
uncontrolled replication of human cells
invasivness
movement of neoplastic cells to adjacent tissue
metastasis
movement of neoplastic cells to distant tissue
nonspecific agents act on what kinds of cells
replicating and resting cells
cell specific agents act on what
rapidly replicating cells
all non specific agents work how
bind to DNA somehow
kinase inhibitors end in what
“nib”
alkyl agents work how?
add akyl group to DNA, causing DNA cross linking which inhibits cell replication.
which is a nitrogen mustard
cyclophosphamide
which causes renal damage and ototoxicity
cisplatin
which drugs cause heart muscle degeneration
doxorubicin
daunorubicin
drugs associated with free radical formation
doxorubicin
daunorubicin
drug that causes pulmonary fibrosis
bleomycin
all cell specific agents work how?
inhibits enzymes
major SE of methotrexate
myelosuppression
how to fix myelosuppression
give leukovorin
what does leukovorin do
a tetrahydrofolic acid analog
what does leukovorin “rescue”
normal cells and not malignant cells
leukovorin rescue is associated with what drug
methotrexate
5 flurouracil does what
inhibits thymidylate synthase
how does cytarabine work?
inhibits DNA polymerase
vincristine and vinblastine work how
binds to microtubules
paciltaxel work how
forms abnormal microtubules
ixabepilone works how?
binds to microtubules
etoposide works how?
inhibits topoisomerase 2
topotecan works how?
inhibits topoisomerase 1
what causes apoptosis
eribulin
androgen activity blockers used for what
treatment of prostate tumors
flutamide does what?
blocks androgen receptor
leuprolide acts on what
receptor activator of GnRH, ultimately down regulates synthesis
abiraterone acts on whwat
inhibits enzyme CYP17, inhibits androgen synthesis
tamoxifen works how
blocks a receptor
side affect of tamoxifen
retinal changes, increased cataracts in eye
anastrozole mechanism
inhibits enzyme aromatase
aromatase does what
converts testosterone to estrogen
drug used to treat leukemias and lymphomas
glucocoritoids, prednisone
drug used to treat chronic myelogenous leukemia
imitinib
how do proteasome inhibitors work?
build up of excess proteins causes cell death.
used to treat multiple myeloma
bortezomib
carfilzomib
trastuzumab works how
binds to HER2 (blocks receptor)
bevacizumab works how
blocks VEGF receptor
what does blocking VEGF do?
prevents growth factor from binding inhibiting formation of blood vessels to tumor cells
rituximab is used to treat what
chronic lymphocytic leukemia and RA
which drug class itself can cause neoplasia
alkylating agents
