Asthma

Question 1

definition of asthma

Answer 1

inflammation of airway, bronchospasm, thicken mucus secretions

Question 2

primary mechanism to prevent particulate matter from gettting deep into the lungs.

Answer 2

trachial receptor cough reflex

increase in amount and stickyness of mucus produced

Question 3

secondary mechanism to prevent particulate matter form getting deep into lungs

Answer 3

immune response, causing edema and bronchoconstriction, result is inflammation.

Question 4

receptor activation of these cause constriction of bronchial

Answer 4

Ach

leukotrienes

Question 5

receptor activation of this causes dilation of bronchial smooth muscle cells

Answer 5

cAMP

Question 6

cAMP receptor on bronchial SM and immune cells is what type of receptor

Answer 6

(beta) B2 receptor (important!)

Question 7

classes of bronchodilators

Answer 7

Beta2 receptor agonist
relatively selective B2 agonists
longer acting B2 agonists
Cholinergic blocker
Phosphodiesterase inhibitor

Question 8

what are the D.O.C for short term relief for asthmatic symptoms?

Answer 8

bronchodilators

Question 9

bronchodilators are given how

Answer 9

orally
injected
inhaled

Question 10

epinephrine and isoproterenol are specific bronchodilators?

Answer 10

false, have effects on B1 and B2 receptors

Question 11

more selective B2 agonists have a half life of how long

Answer 11

6 hours

Question 12

how are selective B2 agonists given?

Answer 12

inhaled

Question 13

side effect of any agent that acts by activating a receptor?

Answer 13

can cause down regulation and lose its effect.

Question 14

how effective are antimuscarinics compared to Beta agonists

Answer 14

half as effective

Question 15

half life of antimuscarinics?

Answer 15

several hours

Question 16

antimuscarinics have fast onset? (T/F)

Answer 16

false, slow

Question 17

what are antimuscarinics mainly used for?

Answer 17

COPD, can be used for asthma though.

Question 18

what drug is used in poor countries cuz its so inexpensive?

Answer 18

theophyline- PDE inhibitor, so it increases cAMP

Question 19

other ways to relieve asthma? besides bronchodilation

Answer 19

inhibit immune cells, anti-inflammatory agents

Question 20

are mast cells inhibitors still widely used?

Answer 20

no

Question 21

D.O.C. for prophylaxis for asthma

Answer 21

glucocorticoids, inhaled and little systemic effects

Question 22

MOA (mechanism of action) of glucocorticoids

Answer 22

bind to intracellular receptors, alter DNA transcription

Question 23

anti-inflammatory classes include

Answer 23

1. mast cell inhibitors
2. glucocorticoids
3. Anti igE antibody
4. leukotriene system inhibitors

Question 24

leukotriene system inhibitors divided into 2 groups

Answer 24

1. synthesis inhibitors

2. receptor blockers

Question 25

cytokines mobilize what

Answer 25

immune cells

Question 26

activation of IgE leads to what

Answer 26

synthesis and secretion of Leukotrienes and cytokines

Question 27

T/F isoproterenol is more specific than epinephrine?

Answer 27

true

Question 28

theophyline has high or low TI

Answer 28

low

Question 29

anti-inflammatory bronchodilators taken how?

Answer 29

inhaled, low SE.

Question 30

lipocotin does what

Answer 30

inhibits synthesis of phospholipase A2

Question 31

omalizumab is only given how

Answer 31

injection only