Asthma Flashcards
definition of asthma
inflammation of airway, bronchospasm, thicken mucus secretions
primary mechanism to prevent particulate matter from gettting deep into the lungs.
trachial receptor cough reflex
increase in amount and stickyness of mucus produced
secondary mechanism to prevent particulate matter form getting deep into lungs
immune response, causing edema and bronchoconstriction, result is inflammation.
receptor activation of these cause constriction of bronchial
Ach
leukotrienes
receptor activation of this causes dilation of bronchial smooth muscle cells
cAMP
cAMP receptor on bronchial SM and immune cells is what type of receptor
(beta) B2 receptor (important!)
classes of bronchodilators
Beta2 receptor agonist relatively selective B2 agonists longer acting B2 agonists Cholinergic blocker Phosphodiesterase inhibitor
what are the D.O.C for short term relief for asthmatic symptoms?
bronchodilators
bronchodilators are given how
orally
injected
inhaled
epinephrine and isoproterenol are specific bronchodilators?
false, have effects on B1 and B2 receptors
more selective B2 agonists have a half life of how long
6 hours
how are selective B2 agonists given?
inhaled
side effect of any agent that acts by activating a receptor?
can cause down regulation and lose its effect.
how effective are antimuscarinics compared to Beta agonists
half as effective
half life of antimuscarinics?
several hours
antimuscarinics have fast onset? (T/F)
false, slow
what are antimuscarinics mainly used for?
COPD, can be used for asthma though.
what drug is used in poor countries cuz its so inexpensive?
theophyline- PDE inhibitor, so it increases cAMP
other ways to relieve asthma? besides bronchodilation
inhibit immune cells, anti-inflammatory agents
are mast cells inhibitors still widely used?
no
D.O.C. for prophylaxis for asthma
glucocorticoids, inhaled and little systemic effects
MOA (mechanism of action) of glucocorticoids
bind to intracellular receptors, alter DNA transcription
anti-inflammatory classes include
- mast cell inhibitors
- glucocorticoids
- Anti igE antibody
- leukotriene system inhibitors
leukotriene system inhibitors divided into 2 groups
- synthesis inhibitors
2. receptor blockers
cytokines mobilize what
immune cells
activation of IgE leads to what
synthesis and secretion of Leukotrienes and cytokines
T/F isoproterenol is more specific than epinephrine?
true
theophyline has high or low TI
low
anti-inflammatory bronchodilators taken how?
inhaled, low SE.
lipocotin does what
inhibits synthesis of phospholipase A2
omalizumab is only given how
injection only
