chemistry unit 2 Flashcards
what are the two types of acid naming and name commen acids in each
- binary acids: HCL (hydrochloric acid), HBr (hydrobromic acid), HF (hydroflouric acid), HI (hydroiodic acid).
- oxyacids: HNO3 (nitric acid), H2SO4 (Sulfuric acids), H3PO4 (phosphoric acid)
what is the difference between ionic and molecular compounds
ionic- metal and nonmetal
molecular- two non-metals
how do you name ionic compounds
- metal stays the same
- non-metal the suffix changes to “ide”
what is a cations and an anion (hint: occurs in ionic compounds)
cation- positively charged ion (occurs when metals lose electrons)
anion- negatively charged ion (occurs when non-metals gain electrons)
what is a multivalent ion
when metals form stable ionic compounds with non-metals by donating different amounts of electrons
what makes something molecular
when its a pure substance formed from two or more non-metals, they share valence electrons through covalent bonding
what is a molecule
particle in which atoms are joined by covalent bonds
what is a covalent bond
bond resulting from sharing valence electrons sharing between non-metals
what is a diatomic molecule
consisting of only two atoms of the same or different element (HOFBrINCl)
what is a non-polar/polar covalent bond
non-polar: bonding shared equally with no charges
polar: bonding shared unequally with physical charges
ionic: complete transfer of valence electrons, full charges
what are the prefixes for covalents bonds
1- mono
2- di
3- tri
4- tetra
5- penta
6- hexa
7- hepta
8- octa
9- nona
10- deca
what is the law of conservation of mass
the law that the total mass of reactants equals the total mass of products
what are the 9 chemical reactions??
- synthesis
- decompostion
- double
- single
- incomplete organic combustion
- complete organic combustion
- combustion inorganic
- corrosion
- neutralization
what is an acid?
chemical that INCREASES the concentration/amount of hydrogen ions in water
what is a base?
chemical that DECREASES the concentration of H+ in water by causing OH- and H+ to form water molecules
are acids and bases ionic or molecular compounds?
ionic compounds
what are the four ways of chemical naming?
- ionic compounds
- molecular compounds
- diatomic elements
- acids
explain the PH scale
- if the number is lower it means an increasing amount of H+ (such as 0-6)
- if the number is higher it means it has a decreasing amount of H+ (such as 8-14)
- goes from 0-14
-#7 is H2O and is neutral
-tells us how many H+ are present
what is the neutralization reaction formula
acid+ base –> water + ionic compounds
(techncially also double displacement)
explain all 9 chemical reactions
- synthesis: A+B=AB
- decompostion:AB=A+B
- double: AB+XY=AY+BX
- single: AB+X+XB+A
- incomplete organic combustion:other contains carbon
- complete organic combustion:other contains carbon
- combustion inorganic: other reactant doesnt contain carbon
- corrosion: occurs over long periods of time, doesnt give off lots of energy
- neutralization: the formula
what is combustion
- The rapid reaction of a substance with oxygen to produce oxides and release energy.
-Always involve O2 as a reactant
-Almost always exothermic (release energy)
what is complete combustion
A combustion reaction of hydrocarbons that uses all available fuel and produced only CO2, H2O, and energy; occurs under excess oxygen.
what is incomplete combustion
A combustion reaction of hydrocarbons that may produce CO, C, CO2, H2O, and energy; occurs under limited oxygen.
what is corrosion
-Corrosion is the slow and heatless breakdown of metals as it reacts with chemicals in the environment
- affected by air, water, electrolytes, acidity, mechanical stress
- can change physical properties
- some are benifitial (hard oxide coatings on aluminum), some are destructive (flaky rust on iron)
- can be slowed with oil, paint, or zinc
