bio unit 3 systems plant/animal

Question 1

simplify the digestive system

Answer 1

• Cells need sugar and nutrients to survive.
• Takes in food, breaks it up, digests it, and excretes the remaining waste.

Question 2

what is a goblet cell

Answer 2

secrete mucus that protects that tissue from digestive enzymes and lubricates the passage of food. (found in digestive system)

Question 3

explain mechanical/chemical digestion

Answer 3

Mechanical digestion: teeth and tongue break down food into smaller pieces (bolus)
Chemical digestion: amylase and other enzymes break apart food molecules

Question 4

what is the smooth muscle tissue, which can contract and relax without conscious thought

Answer 4

the esophagus

Question 5

what is the difference between the small and large intestine

Answer 5

small:6m long, most digestion occurs, goblet cells relase mucous, nutrients diffuse
large:1.5m long, water diffuses, remaining soild matter is transported to anus

Question 6

what are the accessory organs

Answer 6

Liver (makes bile), pancreas (makes digestive enzymes and harmone insulin), gallbladder(concentrates bile)

Question 7

what accessory organ determines diabetetes

Answer 7

Diabetes is a disease in which the pancreas generates too much or too little insulin

Question 8

simplify the respritory system

Answer 8

• Cells need to obtain O2 and get rid of CO2 to survive
• You breath on average 15 times every minutes.
• Every day, you move ~ 10 000 L of air in and out of your lungs.

Question 9

simplify the circulatory system

Answer 9

• Transports (circulates) nutrients and wastes around the body
• Nutrients from intestines to the rest of the body,
  Oxygen from lungs to rest of body,
  Waste substances from body to kidneys,
  Carbon dioxide from body to lungs
• Regulate body temperature
• Transports immune cells to fight invading viruses and bacteria

Question 10

what are the four componants of blood

Answer 10

red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma

Question 11

what three kinds of tissue is the heart made of

Answer 11

• cardiac muscle tissues
• nerve tissue
• connective tissue

Question 12

explain the difference/similarietes between arteries and veins

Answer 12

arteries: Carry blood away from heart, high pressure
veins:Carry blood toward the heat, low pressure

• both get larger the closer they are to the heart

Question 13

what are capilleries

Answer 13

-Link the arteries and veins together
- Allow nutrients and wastes to diffuse easily from blood to adjacent tissues

Question 14

simplify the musculoskeletal system

Answer 14

-Composed of 206 bones and skeletal muscle
- Main functions:
Supports the body
Protects delicate organs
Allows for movement

Question 15

what are the 3 kinds of connective skeletal tissues

Answer 15

• bone: hard, provides structure
  ligaments: hold bones together at joints
  cartilage: connective tissue (eg. found in ear and nose)

Question 16

simplify the plant system

Answer 16

• root and shoot systems
• No digestive system, no nervous system, no musculoskeletal system
• Plants do need :
  -to exchange gas with their surrounding
  -to transport water and nutrients throughout their bodies
  -to reproduce

Question 17

explain the root system

Answer 17

• Absorb water and minerals from the soil
• Store food
• Anchor and support the plant

Question 18

explain the shoot system

Answer 18

• To conduct photosynthesis
• To produce flowers for sexual reproduction
• Consists of the leaf, flower, and the stem

Question 19

explain the shoot system leaf

Answer 19

• Main photosynthetic structure of the plant
• Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts

Question 20

explain the shoot system flower

Answer 20

• Developed for sexual reproduction
• Plants contain male or female reproductive structures (sometimes both)
• Male reproductive structures generate pollen
• Female reproductive structures generate eggs (typically contained within fruit)
• Pollination (the meeting of pollen with eggs) happens as a result of the wind/animal transplantation

Question 21

explain the shoot system stem

Answer 21

• Supports the branches, leaves, and flowers
• Contains vascular tissue for carrying substances
• Some stems are specialized for food storage, photosynthesis, and protection

Question 22

explain plant tissues

Answer 22

• Dermal tissue system: the tissues covering the outer surface of the plant
• Vascular tissue system: the tissues responsible for conducting materials within a plant
• Ground tissue system: all plant tissues other than those that make up the dermal and vascular tissue systems

Question 23

explain the two parts of dermal tissue

Answer 23

• Epidermal tissue: thin layer of cells that covering all non-woody surfaces of the plant
• Peridermal tissue: tissue on the surface of a plant that produces bark on stems and roots

Question 24

explain the two parts of vascular tissue

Answer 24

Xylem: vascular tissue in plants that transports water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the leaves and stems (always upward flow)
Phloem: vascular tissue in plants that transports dissolved food materials and hormones throughout the plant (upward or downward flow, depending on conditions)

Question 25

what is the difference between Xylem and Phloem

Answer 25

Xylem is made up of dead, hollow cells; phloem is made up of living cells

Question 26

explain the ground tissue system

Answer 26

Filler cells between the dermal and vascular tissues

Question 27

what are Meristematic cells

Answer 27

• Stem cells for plants
• Undifferentiated plant cells that can form any kind of specialized cell
• Located at the tips of roots and shoots and in the stems of woody plants

Question 28

what is the balanced formula for photosinthesis

Answer 28

6H2O+6CO2–>6O2+C6H12O6

Question 29

what is the balanced formula for cellular respiration

Answer 29

C6H12O6+6O2–> 6CO2+ 6H20 + Energy

Question 30

where does cellular respiration occur

Answer 30

the mitochondria