bio unit 3 systems plant/animal Flashcards
simplify the digestive system
- Cells need sugar and nutrients to survive.
- Takes in food, breaks it up, digests it, and excretes the remaining waste.
what is a goblet cell
secrete mucus that protects that tissue from digestive enzymes and lubricates the passage of food. (found in digestive system)
explain mechanical/chemical digestion
Mechanical digestion: teeth and tongue break down food into smaller pieces (bolus)
Chemical digestion: amylase and other enzymes break apart food molecules
what is the smooth muscle tissue, which can contract and relax without conscious thought
the esophagus
what is the difference between the small and large intestine
small:6m long, most digestion occurs, goblet cells relase mucous, nutrients diffuse
large:1.5m long, water diffuses, remaining soild matter is transported to anus
what are the accessory organs
Liver (makes bile), pancreas (makes digestive enzymes and harmone insulin), gallbladder(concentrates bile)
what accessory organ determines diabetetes
Diabetes is a disease in which the pancreas generates too much or too little insulin
simplify the respritory system
- Cells need to obtain O2 and get rid of CO2 to survive
- You breath on average 15 times every minutes.
- Every day, you move ~ 10 000 L of air in and out of your lungs.
simplify the circulatory system
- Transports (circulates) nutrients and wastes around the body
- Nutrients from intestines to the rest of the body,
Oxygen from lungs to rest of body,
Waste substances from body to kidneys,
Carbon dioxide from body to lungs - Regulate body temperature
- Transports immune cells to fight invading viruses and bacteria
what are the four componants of blood
red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma
what three kinds of tissue is the heart made of
- cardiac muscle tissues
- nerve tissue
- connective tissue
explain the difference/similarietes between arteries and veins
arteries: Carry blood away from heart, high pressure
veins:Carry blood toward the heat, low pressure
- both get larger the closer they are to the heart
what are capilleries
-Link the arteries and veins together
- Allow nutrients and wastes to diffuse easily from blood to adjacent tissues
simplify the musculoskeletal system
-Composed of 206 bones and skeletal muscle
- Main functions:
Supports the body
Protects delicate organs
Allows for movement
what are the 3 kinds of connective skeletal tissues
- bone: hard, provides structure
ligaments: hold bones together at joints
cartilage: connective tissue (eg. found in ear and nose)
simplify the plant system
- root and shoot systems
- No digestive system, no nervous system, no musculoskeletal system
- Plants do need :
-to exchange gas with their surrounding
-to transport water and nutrients throughout their bodies
-to reproduce
explain the root system
- Absorb water and minerals from the soil
- Store food
- Anchor and support the plant
explain the shoot system
- To conduct photosynthesis
- To produce flowers for sexual reproduction
- Consists of the leaf, flower, and the stem
explain the shoot system leaf
- Main photosynthetic structure of the plant
- Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts
explain the shoot system flower
- Developed for sexual reproduction
- Plants contain male or female reproductive structures (sometimes both)
- Male reproductive structures generate pollen
- Female reproductive structures generate eggs (typically contained within fruit)
- Pollination (the meeting of pollen with eggs) happens as a result of the wind/animal transplantation
explain the shoot system stem
- Supports the branches, leaves, and flowers
- Contains vascular tissue for carrying substances
- Some stems are specialized for food storage, photosynthesis, and protection
explain plant tissues
- Dermal tissue system: the tissues covering the outer surface of the plant
- Vascular tissue system: the tissues responsible for conducting materials within a plant
- Ground tissue system: all plant tissues other than those that make up the dermal and vascular tissue systems
explain the two parts of dermal tissue
- Epidermal tissue: thin layer of cells that covering all non-woody surfaces of the plant
- Peridermal tissue: tissue on the surface of a plant that produces bark on stems and roots
explain the two parts of vascular tissue
Xylem: vascular tissue in plants that transports water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the leaves and stems (always upward flow)
Phloem: vascular tissue in plants that transports dissolved food materials and hormones throughout the plant (upward or downward flow, depending on conditions)
