Chemistry- Topic 4/ Extracting metals and equlibria

Question 1

How is sodium stored and why?

Answer 1

In oil because it reacts with oxygen

Question 2

Properties of sodium

Answer 2

Dull, soft and shiny inside (where it hasn’t been oxidised)

Question 3

Hydrogen test

Answer 3

Squeaky pop test

Question 4

What substances are made when sodium reacts with water

Answer 4

Sodium hydroxide and hydrogen

Question 5

What happens to lithium when placed in water?

Answer 5

It quickly moves around the surface and produces lithium hydroxide and hydrogen. pH is purple

Question 6

What happens to sodium when placed in water?

Answer 6

It melts into a ball and quickly moves around the surface, producing sodium hydroxide and hydrogen. pH blue

Question 7

What happens to when potassium placed in water?

Answer 7

It quickly moves around the surface and produces potassium hydroxide and hydrogen, the hydrogen becomes a lilac flame due to heightened amount of heat. pH purple.

Question 8

What happens to when rubidium placed in water?

Answer 8

Rubidium immediately sparks, producing rubidium hydroxide.

Question 9

What happens to when caesium placed in water?

Answer 9

caesium immediately sparks and flies off, producing caesium hydroxide and hydrogen.

Question 10

What happens to calcium when calcium placed in water?

Answer 10

Calcium fizzes and produces a cloudy solution as it is only partly soluble. This saturated, is lime water.

Question 11

Displacement and redox.

Answer 11

A displacement reaction causes both reduction (gains electrons) and oxidation (lose of electrons)

Question 12

Reactivity series

Answer 12

Potassium
Sodium
Lithium
Calcium
Magnesium
Aluminium
Carbon
Zinc
Iron
Tin
Lead
Hydrogen
Copper
Silver
Gold
Platinum

Question 13

How are metals extracted

Answer 13

In ores from the earth and unreactive metals are found in the earth’s crust as uncombined elements

Question 14

Oxidation

Answer 14

When an atom with with less than 4 electrons on its outer shell loses electrons to have a complete outer shell. This also includes a gain of oxygen and loss of hydrogen

Question 15

Reduction

Answer 15

When an atom with with more than 4 electrons on its outer shell gains electrons to have a complete outer shell. This also includes a loss of oxygen and gain of hydrogen

Question 16

How does reduction extract metal from ores

Answer 16

Reduction reaction takes the oxygen from the ore leaving the metal

Question 17

How does carbon extract metals such as iron

Answer 17

The carbon is burned with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, this then reacts with more carbon forming carbon monoxide carbon monoxide then reduces iron.
2Fe2O2+3C=3CO2+ 2Fe2

Question 18

Chemical name of Malachite

Answer 18

Copper carbonate hydroxide

Question 19

Metal + Acid

Answer 19

Salt + hydrogen

Question 20

Acid + Metal Hydrogen Carbonate

Answer 20

salt + water + carbon dioxide

Question 21

Acid + Metal Carbonate

Answer 21

Salt + water + carbon dioxide

Question 22

Acid + Base

Answer 22

Salt + water

Question 23

Sulfuric Acid

Answer 23

H2SO4

Question 24

Hydrochloric Acid

Answer 24

HCI

Question 25

Nitric Acid

Answer 25

HNO3

Question 26

What is Aluminium used for

Answer 26

Drink cans and areoplanes

Question 27

What is aluminium mixed with to lower its boiling point

Answer 27

cryolite

Question 28

How does the electrolysis work and what has to be replaced

Answer 28

The molten aluminium oxide's positive atoms (aluminium 3+) is attracted to the cathode whereas the negative oxygen 2- is attracted to the positive anode. The cathode and Anode are made of graphite and therefore the anode has to be replaced regularly because the graphite (carbon reacts) with the oxygen forming co2

Question 29

Aluminium in electrolysis half equation

Answer 29

Aluminium 3+ + 3e- = aluminium

Question 30

Oxygen in electrolysis half equation

Answer 30

Oxygen 2- = Oxygen + 2e-

Question 31

Why is graphite used in an electrolysis

Answer 31

Because it has a high melting point and is good at conducting electricity

Question 32

High grade ore

Answer 32

Has a high quantity of metal

Question 33

low grade ore

Answer 33

Has low quantity of metal

Question 34

Why is mining copper problematic?

Answer 34

1) Copper acid can pollute nearby water 2)Land destroyed 3)Deforestation

Question 35

Phytoextraction

Answer 35

Plants absorb metal compounds from the soil, they store this and they are burnt to form ash. In the ash is a high concentration of metal

Question 36

Bioleaching

Answer 36

Bacteria is mixed with the low grade ore producing leachate. The copper compounds are then purified by displacement with iron or an electrolysis.

Question 37

Phytoextraction Positives

Answer 37

-No harmful gasses -less damage to landscape -conserves suppliers of high grade ore -extracts metals from contaminated soil

Question 38

Bioleaching positives

Answer 38

-No high temperature needed -No harmful gasses -Less damage to landscape -conserves suppliers of high grade ore

Question 39

Phytoextraction Negatives

Answer 39

- Takes a long time - depends on weather - expensive

Question 40

Bioleaching negatives

Answer 40

-Sulfuric acid is produced, toxic to the environment

Question 41

Advantages of recycling metals

Answer 41

- Reserves metal - Less mining - Less pollution - Less energy than extracting - Less waste metal

Question 42

Negatives of recycling metals

Answer 42

- Costly - Lots of energy to transport and collect -

Question 43

Plastic bag disposable

Answer 43

- Recyclable - Not biodegradable - Pollutes land - Landfills

Question 44

Paper bag disposable

Answer 44

- Biodegradable - recyclable - Not toxic

Question 45

How are metals recycled

Answer 45

They are collected and melted and re-shaped.