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GCSE Science > Chemistry- Topic 4/ Extracting metals and equlibria > Flashcards

Chemistry- Topic 4/ Extracting metals and equlibria Flashcards

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1
Q

How is sodium stored and why?

A

In oil because it reacts with oxygen

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2
Q

Properties of sodium

A

Dull, soft and shiny inside (where it hasn’t been oxidised)

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3
Q

Hydrogen test

A

Squeaky pop test

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4
Q

What substances are made when sodium reacts with water

A

Sodium hydroxide and hydrogen

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5
Q

What happens to lithium when placed in water?

A

It quickly moves around the surface and produces lithium hydroxide and hydrogen. pH is purple

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6
Q

What happens to sodium when placed in water?

A

It melts into a ball and quickly moves around the surface, producing sodium hydroxide and hydrogen. pH blue

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7
Q

What happens to when potassium placed in water?

A

It quickly moves around the surface and produces potassium hydroxide and hydrogen, the hydrogen becomes a lilac flame due to heightened amount of heat. pH purple.

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8
Q

What happens to when rubidium placed in water?

A

Rubidium immediately sparks, producing rubidium hydroxide.

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9
Q

What happens to when caesium placed in water?

A

caesium immediately sparks and flies off, producing caesium hydroxide and hydrogen.

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10
Q

What happens to calcium when calcium placed in water?

A

Calcium fizzes and produces a cloudy solution as it is only partly soluble. This saturated, is lime water.

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11
Q

Displacement and redox.

A

A displacement reaction causes both reduction (gains electrons) and oxidation (lose of electrons)

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12
Q

Reactivity series

A

Potassium
Sodium
Lithium
Calcium
Magnesium
Aluminium
Carbon
Zinc
Iron
Tin
Lead
Hydrogen
Copper
Silver
Gold
Platinum

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13
Q

How are metals extracted

A

In ores from the earth and unreactive metals are found in the earth’s crust as uncombined elements

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14
Q

Oxidation

A

When an atom with with less than 4 electrons on its outer shell loses electrons to have a complete outer shell. This also includes a gain of oxygen and loss of hydrogen

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15
Q

Reduction

A

When an atom with with more than 4 electrons on its outer shell gains electrons to have a complete outer shell. This also includes a loss of oxygen and gain of hydrogen

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16
Q

How does reduction extract metal from ores

A

Reduction reaction takes the oxygen from the ore leaving the metal

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17
Q

How does carbon extract metals such as iron

A

The carbon is burned with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, this then reacts with more carbon forming carbon monoxide carbon monoxide then reduces iron.
2Fe2O2+3C=3CO2+ 2Fe2

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18
Q

Chemical name of Malachite

A

Copper carbonate hydroxide

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19
Q

Metal + Acid

A

Salt + hydrogen

20
Q

Acid + Metal Hydrogen Carbonate

A

salt + water + carbon dioxide

21
Q

Acid + Metal Carbonate

A

Salt + water + carbon dioxide

22
Q

Acid + Base

A

Salt + water

23
Q

Sulfuric Acid

A

H2SO4

24
Q

Hydrochloric Acid

A

HCI

25
Q

Nitric Acid

A

HNO3

26
Q

What is Aluminium used for

A

Drink cans and areoplanes

27
Q

What is aluminium mixed with to lower its boiling point

A

cryolite

28
Q

How does the electrolysis work and what has to be replaced

A

The molten aluminium oxide’s positive atoms (aluminium 3+) is attracted to the cathode whereas the negative oxygen 2- is attracted to the positive anode. The cathode and Anode are made of graphite and therefore the anode has to be replaced regularly because the graphite (carbon reacts) with the oxygen forming co2

29
Q

Aluminium in electrolysis half equation

A

Aluminium 3+ + 3e- = aluminium

30
Q

Oxygen in electrolysis half equation

A

Oxygen 2- = Oxygen + 2e-

31
Q

Why is graphite used in an electrolysis

A

Because it has a high melting point and is good at conducting electricity

32
Q

High grade ore

A

Has a high quantity of metal

33
Q

low grade ore

A

Has low quantity of metal

34
Q

Why is mining copper problematic?

A

1) Copper acid can pollute nearby water
2)Land destroyed
3)Deforestation

35
Q

Phytoextraction

A

Plants absorb metal compounds from the soil, they store this and they are burnt to form ash. In the ash is a high concentration of metal

36
Q

Bioleaching

A

Bacteria is mixed with the low grade ore producing leachate. The copper compounds are then purified by displacement with iron or an electrolysis.

37
Q

Phytoextraction Positives

A

-No harmful gasses
-less damage to landscape
-conserves suppliers of high grade ore
-extracts metals from contaminated soil

38
Q

Bioleaching positives

A

-No high temperature needed
-No harmful gasses
-Less damage to landscape
-conserves suppliers of high grade ore

39
Q

Phytoextraction Negatives

A
  • Takes a long time
  • depends on weather
  • expensive
40
Q

Bioleaching negatives

A

-Sulfuric acid is produced, toxic to the environment

41
Q

Advantages of recycling metals

A
  • Reserves metal
  • Less mining
  • Less pollution
  • Less energy than extracting
  • Less waste metal
42
Q

Negatives of recycling metals

A
  • Costly
  • ## Lots of energy to transport and collect
43
Q

Plastic bag disposable

A
  • Recyclable
  • Not biodegradable
  • Pollutes land
  • Landfills
44
Q

Paper bag disposable

A
  • Biodegradable
  • recyclable
  • Not toxic
45
Q

How are metals recycled

A

They are collected and melted and re-shaped.

GCSE Science (10 decks)

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